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This document discusses depreciation, depletion, and amortization. It defines depreciation as the decline in value of fixed assets due to use, time, or obsolescence. Depreciation is a non-cash expense that matches the cost of an asset with the periods it benefits. Causes of depreciation include wear and tear, expiration of legal rights, and obsolescence. The document also discusses depletion of natural resources and amortization of intangible assets over their useful lives. Common depreciation methods like straight-line and written down value are also summarized.
Financial management involves raising funds, using funds profitably based on risk levels, planning operations and controlling performance. It guides investment decisions, judges operations and projects, and aims for adequate returns. Financial management is concerned with efficient use of capital funds and management decisions regarding asset acquisition and financing. Its goals are to maximize profits and shareholder wealth while maintaining adequate liquidity and ensuring operational efficiency and financial discipline.
Capital budgeting refers to the process of evaluating investment projects and determining whether they should be accepted or rejected. There are traditional and discounted cash flow methods for evaluating projects. Traditional methods include payback period and accounting rate of return, which do not consider the time value of money. Discounted cash flow methods, like net present value and internal rate of return, discount future cash flows to determine the value of projects today. These methods are preferred as they are consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
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This document provides an overview of security analysis and portfolio management. It defines key terms like stocks, shares, and markets. Stocks represent ownership in a company, while shares refer to the units used to track ownership. Markets allow buyers and sellers to exchange securities and are classified by type (e.g. capital, money, commodity). The document also outlines the investment process, including asset allocation, security selection, and performance evaluation. Financial markets and intermediaries that facilitate trading are described as well.
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This document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for legal administrative assistants. It provides information on developing KPIs for this role, including identifying key result areas, tasks, and methods for measuring performance. The document cautions that KPIs should be clearly linked to strategy and designed to empower employees. It also outlines different types of KPIs such as process, input, output, leading, and lagging KPIs.
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Definition of the Key Performance Indicators + infographics, explaining types of KPIs and data visualization.
Originally posted here with the article: https://www.kpi.com/blog/2016/02/03/intro-to-key-performance-indicators-infographic/
This document provides an introduction to corporate finance. It discusses that corporate finance involves managing a company's assets and financing decisions. This includes capital budgeting, credit policy, cash management, and decisions around capital structure, equity financing, dividends, and borrowing. The goals of corporate finance are to determine what long-term investments a firm should make, how to raise money for investments, and how much cash is needed for short-term obligations.
introduction of cost accounting , classification, cost sheet , tender sheet, etc. this ppt is prepared for all commerce and management students of all universities specifically for RTM Nagpur University. this ppt will gives basic insight about costing , cost acoun ting, cost accountancy, cost control, cost reduction.
This document discusses investment management. It defines investment as committing funds with an expectation of positive return. The two main forms of investment are real investments in assets like land and machinery, and financial investments in contracts. Investment management aims to meet clients' investment goals through activities like asset allocation, portfolio strategy, and monitoring holdings. It also coordinates investments with other financial planning. Risk and return are important considerations in investment decisions, as there is generally a tradeoff between higher risk and higher potential returns.
This document provides an overview of financial management. It defines financial management as the activity concerned with planning and controlling a firm's financial resources. It discusses the meaning, definition, scope, objectives and evolution of financial management. Specifically, it covers short-term and long-term sources of finance, the classification of finance functions into public, private, institutional and international, and the traditional and modern approaches to the scope of financial management.
The document discusses fund flow statements. It explains that fund flow statements provide information about sources and uses of funds that the balance sheet and income statement do not. It then defines key terms like fund, flow, and working capital. It also shows how to prepare a schedule of changes in working capital and the fund flow statement using an example of Z Ltd.
A cash book is a book of accounts that records all cash transactions of a business. It serves as both a journal and ledger by recording transactions and posting them to a cash account. There are different types of cash books, including single, double, and triple column cash books, as well as petty cash books. Cash books provide advantages like easy identification of errors or defaults, daily recording of receipts and payments, and determining the cash balance on hand.
The document discusses agency problems that arise from the separation of ownership and control in corporations. It defines agency problems as managers potentially prioritizing their personal goals over corporate goals. It then outlines some ways that agency problems can be prevented, including through market forces like security market participants actively engaging in management and hostile takeovers, as well as through agency costs. Agency costs refer to the costs shareholders take on to try and ensure managers maximize shareholder wealth, such as through monitoring, bonding, and structuring manager compensation.
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The document provides information about investing in megatrends using sustainable ETFs. It begins with an agenda that outlines what will be covered, including what an ETF is, why investors use ETFs, and how to invest in megatrends with sustainable ETFs. It then defines ETFs and explains their popularity due to features like diversification, cost effectiveness, transparency, and flexibility. The document discusses thematic investing in megatrends like climate change, demographics, technology and urbanization using sustainable ETFs, and outlines the growth of sustainable funds and expected growth in sustainable ETF assets.
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Katso esityksen taltiointi Nordnet Suomen YouTube-kanavalta https://youtu.be/zmCmXbk1848
Lue lis辰辰 osakes辰辰st旦tilist辰: https://www.nordnet.fi/fi/palvelut/tilit/osakesaastotili?utm_campaign=osakesaastotili&utm_term=cm&utm_medium=social&utm_source=slideshare&utm_content=turuntalouspaivat
This document provides an overview of Sampo Group's structure and strategy. It discusses the business areas and financial performance of Sampo Group's main subsidiaries and associated companies, including If P&C, Topdanmark, Mandatum Life, and Nordea. Key figures on profits, solvency ratios, investment returns and dividends are presented for the group and its individual entities. An history of Sampo Group's acquisitions and strategic developments over time is also included.
This document provides an overview of SSAB, a global steel company. It discusses SSAB's strategy and targets, highlights from the first quarter of 2018, and an outlook for the second quarter. Key points include SSAB achieving good growth in strategic areas like high-strength steels in Q1, an improved earnings outlook for Q2 due to strong demand and higher prices, and progress made on the HYBRIT initiative to develop fossil-free steel production in partnership with other companies. The presentation establishes SSAB's position as a leader in specialty steels and its goals for continued growth, higher profitability, and more sustainable operations through 2020.
1. T辰m辰 esitys on yleisesitys. Sijoittajaa kehotetaan perehtym辰辰n tarkemmin materiaalissa esitettyyn aiheeseen ja siit辰
laadittuun yksityiskohtaisempaan dokumentaatioon. T辰m辰 yleisesitys on tarkoitettu ainoastaan vastaanottajan
yksityiseen k辰ytt旦旦n. Materiaalin muokkaaminen, levitt辰minen ja kaupallinen hy旦dynt辰minen ilman Nordnet Bank
AB:n kirjallista lupaa on kielletty.
Esitykseen ker辰tyt tiedot on voitu hankkia useista eri julkisista l辰hteist辰. Nordnet Bank AB:n pyrkimyksen辰 on
k辰ytt辰辰 luotettavaa ja kattavaa tietoa, mutta t辰m辰 ei sulje pois mahdollisuutta siit辰, ett辰 tiedoissa ei voisi esiinty辰
virheit辰. Nordnet Bank AB ja sen palveluksessa oleva henkil旦kunta eiv辰t vastaa vahingoista, jotka aiheutuvat t辰ss辰
esityksess辰 esiintyvien tietojen k辰yt旦st辰 tai n辰iden tietojen perusteella teht辰vien sijoitusp辰辰t旦sten taloudellisesta
tuloksesta.
Mik辰辰n t辰ss辰 esityksess辰 esitetty ei ole, eik辰 sit辰 tule k辰sitt辰辰 sijoitussuositukseksi, tarjoukseksi tai kehotukseksi
ostaa tai myyd辰 rahoitusv辰lineit辰. Sijoittajan tulee sijoitusp辰辰t旦ksi辰 tehdess辰辰n perustaa p辰辰t旦ksens辰 omaan
tutkimukseensa, arvioonsa rahoitusv辰lineen arvoon vaikuttavista seikoista ja ottaa huomioon omat tavoitteensa,
taloudellinen tilanteensa sek辰 tarvittaessa k辰ytett辰v辰 neuvonantajia. Sijoitustoimintaan liittyy aina riskej辰.
Sijoittajan tulee my旦s ymm辰rt辰辰, ett辰 historiallinen kehitys ei ole tae tulevasta.
T辰ss辰 yleisesityksess辰 esitetyn tiedon sis辰lt旦 voi muuttua milloin tahansa. Nordnet Bank AB ei sitoudu ilmoittamaan
mahdollisista materiaalin sis辰ll旦n muutoksista.
Vastuunrajoitus
2. Luvun sis辰lt旦
1. SMA- ja EMA-indikaattorit
2. K辰ytt旦tarkoitukset
3. K辰yt辰nn旦n esimerkkej辰
4. K辰sitteet
Liukuva keskiarvo (Simple Moving Average, SMA): kuvaa esim. osakkeen tai indeksin keskiarvoa valitulta ajanjaksolta,
esimerkiksi 20 p辰iv辰lt辰. Keskiarvoa liu'utetaan eteenp辰in niin, ett辰 joka p辰iv辰 keskiarvo lasketaan uudelleen 20 viimeisen
p辰iv辰n ajalta. Liukuvat keskiarvot esitet辰辰n yleens辰 graafisesti, jolloin saadaan osakkeen liikkeist辰 muodostuva
trendik辰yr辰. Liukuvaa keskiarvoa k辰ytet辰辰n l辰hinn辰 pidempien aikav辰limuutosten tarkastelussa ja yleisimmin k辰ytettyj辰
aikav辰lej辰 ovat 50, 100 ja 200 p辰iv辰辰.
Eksponentiaalinen liukuva keskiarvo (Exponential Moving Average, EMA): kuten SMA-indikaattorin tapauksessa, my旦s
eksponentiaalisesti liukuva keskiarvo kuvaa tarkasteltavan arvopaperin trendi辰 halutulta ajanjaksolta. Indikaattorien ero
syntyy siit辰, ett辰 EMA-indikaattori painottaa uusia hintamuutoksia vanhempia enemm辰n. T辰st辰 seuraa se, ett辰 EMA-
indikaattori reagoi hinnanmuutoksiin SMA- indikaattoria herkemmin. EMA- indikaattori on erityisesti p辰iv辰treidaajien
k辰ytt辰m辰 ty旦kalu ja yleisimmin k辰ytettyj辰 aikav辰lej辰 ovat 9 ja 20 minuuttia sek辰 50, 100 ja 200 p辰iv辰辰.
SMA- ja EMA-indikaattorit tunnetaan yleisesti my旦s liikkuvina tuki- ja vastustustasoina.
7. SMA vs. EMA
Kurssin noustessa EMA-indikaattori reagoi kurssiliikkeisiin
huomattavasti SMA-indikaattoria nopeammin, mik辰 n辰kyy
jyrkemp辰n辰 nousuna.
Vastaavasti kurssin laskiessa EMA-indikaattori reagoi my旦s kurssin
laskuun huomattavasti SMA- indikaattoria nopeammin, mik辰 n辰kyy
loivempana laskuna.
SMA-indikaattorin liikkeet reagoivat kurssiliikkeisiin aina viiveell辰,
jolloin sit辰 k辰ytet辰辰nkin l辰hinn辰 pidemm辰n aikav辰lin trendien
tulkinnassa.
Indikaattorin vahvuus perustuu sen k辰ytt辰j辰m辰辰r辰辰n, mink辰 vuoksi
t辰ss辰 esityksess辰 keskityt辰辰n seuraavaksi vain EMA-indikaattoriin.
EMA on sijoittajien keskuudessa huomattavasti k辰ytetympi
indikaattori.
9. Tuki- ja vastustustasot
9
Treidaajat k辰ytt辰v辰t EMA-
indikaattoria erityisesti liikkuvien tuki-
ja vastustustasojen l旦yt辰miseen.
Lis辰ksi erityisesti p辰iv辰treidaamisessa
EMA-indikaattorin tukena k辰ytet辰辰n
kaupank辰yntim辰辰r辰辰 eli volyymi辰.
11. Kurssin palautuminen tuki- ja vastustustasolle
Kurssi pyrkii palautumaan
辰辰riliikkeest辰 takaisin
liukuvalle keskiarvolle.
Jos arvopaperi liikkuu
nopeasti kauas EMA-
indikaattorista, niin t辰m辰
toimii hyv辰n辰 osto- tai
myyntisignaalina.
Bollinger Bands (BB)
hy旦dynt辰辰 辰辰riliikkeiden
luomia osto- ja
myyntisignaaleita. T辰h辰n
tutustutaan tarkemmin
my旦hemmin. 11
12. Liukuva vastustustaso
Osakekurssi kohtaa
vastustustason EMA 50 -tasolla,
jolloin kurssi koskettaa
indikaattoria ja jatkaa laskuaan.
Ostoa voi ajatella vasta, kun
kurssi pystyy rikkomaan
vastustustason EMA 50.
12
13. Liukuva tukitaso
Osakekurssi kohtaa tukitason EMA 50 -
tasolla, jolloin kurssi koskettaa
indikaattoria ja jatkaa nousuaan.
Ostoa voi harkita, kun kurssi l辰hestyy
EMA 50 -tukitasoa.
13
15. Vastustustason hy旦dynt辰minen
Vastustustasot antavat mahdollisuuden
hy旦ty辰 kurssilaskusta.
T辰ll旦in myynti ajoitetaan mahdollisimman
l辰helle vastustustasoa ja osto ajoitetaan
joko mahdollisimman kauas
vastustustasosta tai kurssiin, joka rikkoo
vastustustason.
15
16. Tukitason hy旦dynt辰minen
Tukitasot antavat mahdollisuuden
hy旦ty辰 kurssinoususta.
T辰ll旦in osto ajoitetaan mahdollisimman
l辰helle tukitasoa ja myynti ajoitetaan
joko mahdollisimman kauas tukitasosta
tai ensimm辰iseen laskukynttil辰辰n.
16
17. EMA + kaupank辰yntim辰辰r辰
eli volyymi
Moni treidaaja hy旦dynt辰辰 EMA- indikaattorin
kanssa arvopaperin kaupank辰yntivolyymia.
Volyymi kertoo arvopaperin tarkasteluperiodin
aikana tapahtuvan vaihdon m辰辰r辰n ja ilmoittaa sen
kappaleina (esim. 575 000 kpl).
Kasvava volyymi indikoi usein sijoittajien
kiinnostusta jatkaa trendi辰 joko tuki- tai
vastustustason jatkamaan suuntaan.