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1) Salivary gland cancers account for 6% of head and neck cancers, with 80% originating in the parotid gland. Risk factors include smoking, radiation exposure, and certain occupations.
2) The document discusses the pathology, staging, and treatment of salivary gland cancers. Surgery is the main treatment, along with radiation for high-risk cases.
3) Outcomes depend on cancer type and stage. Follow up involves regular exams and imaging to monitor for recurrence or metastases.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease that causes scarring of the oral mucosa and may progress to cancer. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosa that results in stiffening of the oral tissues and a burning sensation in the mouth. The disease commonly affects people in India and Southeast Asia and is associated with chewing betel quid and areca nut. Clinical findings include blanching and fibrosis of the oral mucosa that causes restricted mouth opening and difficulty with eating, speaking, and swallowing in advanced cases. Biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis. OSF has been classified clinically and functionally based on the extent of fibrosis and degree of mouth opening limitation.
This document discusses gingival enlargement, including its classification, causes, clinical features, histopathology, and assessment methods. It covers inflammatory enlargement from chronic and acute causes. It also covers drug-induced enlargement, particularly from anticonvulsants like phenytoin. Assessment methods are described that measure the degree, location, and distribution of gingival enlargement. The document provides detailed information on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and microscopic features of different types of gingival enlargement.
1. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause both acute and late side effects in the oropharynx, including persistent xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia, and osteoradionecrosis.
2. Both mucositis and xerostomia are common acute toxicities of radiotherapy and can be severe, leading to pain, difficulty swallowing, nutritional problems, and treatment interruptions.
3. Late side effects of radiotherapy also include skin effects like hyperpigmentation, thinning, and telangiectasia, as well as the risk of rampant dental disease from long-term xerostomia.
The document describes the pectoralis major island flap technique. It can be used for reconstruction of the pharynx, tongue, face, neck, and skullbase defects. The flap has a large arc of rotation from the clavicle to the xiphoid process. It provides a single stage transfer with a muscle carrier but does not match the color and texture of facial skin. The document outlines the surgical technique including flap design, elevation of the vascular pedicle, and closure of the donor site. Variations including osteomyocutaneous flaps with rib bone and use of the flap as a free tissue transfer are also discussed. Complications, risk factors, and modifications to the technique are summarized.
Malinant Salivary Gland Tumours Dr.Shaji Thomas Additional Professor,Regional...shajithoma
油
This document discusses malignant salivary gland tumours. It begins by stating that tumours of the salivary glands account for 5% of head and neck cancers. The main subtypes of malignant salivary gland tumours are then described, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Diagnostic studies like CT, MRI and PET scans are outlined. Treatment options for the primary tumour and neck are also discussed, including surgical resection and postoperative radiation for high-risk features. Chemotherapy has a limited role and is used primarily for palliation.
Role of radiotherapy in oral ca ppt for csmsailesh kumar
油
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of oral cancer. It uses ionizing radiation to deliver tumoricidal doses to cancer while limiting dose to surrounding normal tissues. There are several techniques of radiotherapy including external beam therapy and brachytherapy. Factors like total radiation dose, chemotherapy combination, treatment delays and interruptions can influence effectiveness. Complications include both early side effects like mucositis and late effects like osteoradionecrosis. Advances in radiotherapy techniques aim to improve targeting accuracy and reduce side effects.
The document describes the classification and treatment of Le Fort I fractures. Le Fort I fractures can be linear, unilateral comminuted, or bilateral comminuted. Treatment depends on the classification and includes observation for non-mobile fractures, closed treatment for minor malocclusions, and open reduction internal fixation for more severe fractures. Open reduction involves exposing the fracture, reducing it, and fixing it with plates placed along the vertical buttresses of the maxilla. Bone grafting may be needed for defects. The occlusion is checked after fixation and corrected if needed.
This document discusses ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor. It defines ameloblastoma and describes its clinical and histological classifications. The most common types are multicystic (86%) and unicystic (13%) ameloblastomas. The document outlines the clinical features, locations, and biological behavior of different ameloblastoma types. It also discusses various surgical treatment options for ameloblastoma, including curettage, enucleation with cauterization, wide excision, and segmental resection with reconstruction.
1) The document classifies pigmented lesions as either melanotic or non-melanotic and discusses various localized and diffuse melanotic lesions as well as endogenous and exogenous non-melanotic lesions.
2) Specific melanotic lesions mentioned include acanthosis nigricans, caf辿 au lait spots associated with neurofibromatosis or polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and smoker's melanosis.
3) Non-melanotic lesions discussed include those caused by lipopigments like carotene, red blood cells, vascular lesions like hemangiomas, port wine stains, Kaposi's sarcoma, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
A presentation created by Dr. Henry N. Ho, Medical Director, Head and Neck Program, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, discussing everything you need to know about head and neck melanoma.
The presentation deals with the various suturing materials available and the different kinds of techniques used. Attempts have been made to simplify the text and support with suitable illustrations. Hope you like it!
Suggestions and feedback will be highly appreciated! :)
Case presented in National ENT conference in serena hotel, Islamabad in Dec. 2015
Author
Dr. Ghulam Saqulain HOD
Dr. Jawad Ahmed Assoc. surgeon
Dr. Zaimal Shahan PGT
This document summarizes salivary gland tumors. It discusses the location and types of major and minor salivary glands. The most common tumors are pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Risk factors for salivary gland cancers include radiation exposure and certain occupations. Treatment involves surgical resection of the gland with preservation of nearby structures like the facial nerve when possible. Post-operative complications can include facial nerve palsy.
Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in oral cavity cancerDr.Rashmi Yadav
油
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy play important roles in the treatment of oral cavity cancer alongside surgery. Radiotherapy is often used as the primary treatment for early stage cancers or as an adjuvant treatment with surgery for more advanced cancers. Chemotherapy is commonly used neoadjuvantly or concurrently with radiotherapy to improve treatment outcomes, especially for advanced cancers. Brachytherapy can also be used as a radiation boost for early stage oral cavity cancers. The goals of treatment are maximizing local tumor control while preserving function and minimizing side effects through a multidisciplinary approach.
This document discusses radiation oncology and the treatment of oral cancers. It provides an overview of the radiation therapy process, including the roles of the radiation oncologist and other staff. It describes the goals of radiation therapy to control the tumor while sparing normal tissues. The document outlines the different radiation therapy techniques available and considerations in developing treatment plans for oral cancers based on factors like tumor site and stage. It also reviews acute and late side effects of radiation therapy and follow-up care post-treatment.
This document summarizes the evolution of ultrasound techniques for evaluating thyroid nodules over 45 years, from analog to digital B-mode ultrasound to elastography and implementation of the TI-RADS classification system. It describes the TI-RADS scoring system from 2 to 5 based on cancer risk, outlines key ultrasound features considered to determine the score, and references studies validating the predictive value of TI-RADS for malignancy. The goal of TI-RADS is to provide a standardized vocabulary and reporting structure to stratify cancer risk of thyroid nodules seen on ultrasound.
The document discusses parotid tumors and parotidectomy surgery. It provides information on the types and characteristics of benign and malignant parotid tumors, including the most common types. Evaluation, treatment, and complications of parotid surgery are described, with key points on identifying and preserving the facial nerve during parotidectomy procedures.
This document summarizes different types of solitary thyroid nodules (STNs), including their clinical presentations, pathological findings, investigations, and treatment approaches. It discusses STNs that may be caused by multinodular goiter, colloid nodules, cysts, autonomous toxic nodules, various forms of thyroiditis, follicular adenomas, and malignant lesions such as papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. For each condition, it provides details on symptoms, microscopic pathology, diagnostic testing, and surgical or medical management strategies.
Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous connective tissue containing abnormal bone. It can present as a monostotic (single bone) or polyostotic (multiple bones) form. The document reports two cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia affecting the maxilla, presenting with swelling and radiographic findings of granular radiopacity. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of cellular fibrous tissue intermixed with irregular bone fragments, consistent with fibrous dysplasia. The document further discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic presentations, differential diagnosis and management of fibrous dysplasia.
Tissue expansion is a technique used to generate additional soft tissue for reconstruction. It involves surgically placing an implant under the skin that is gradually inflated over time using saline injections, causing the overlying tissue to stretch and grow. The document discusses the history, biology, types of implants, principles and applications of tissue expansion. It can be used to reconstruct defects on the scalp, forehead, face, neck and nose by expanding the surrounding tissue.
Management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures ihitrat hussain
油
This document discusses the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. It begins with an introduction describing the anatomy of the zygomatic bone and its involvement in tripod fractures. It then covers the clinical examination, radiological evaluation, and various approaches and methods for both closed and open reduction and fixation of these fractures, including the use of plates, wires, and temporary fixation. Complications of treatment are also outlined.
1. The document discusses various types of flaps used in reconstructive surgery including local flaps, regional flaps, and free flaps.
2. Different types of local flaps are described such as rotation flaps, transposition flaps, and advancement flaps which allow redistribution of tissue near a defect.
3. Regional flaps like the pectoralis major flap provide tissue from a distance away but within the same anatomical region and rely on named vessels within a vascular pedicle.
Autologous fat grafting involves harvesting fat from one area of the body and reinjecting it into another area. It has been used since the late 1800s to correct facial wrinkles and depressions. Modern techniques developed in the 1980s and 1990s have made fat grafting a reliable procedure. The document outlines the history and evolution of fat grafting techniques. It describes the surgical anatomy of harvest and injection sites, indications for fat grafting, and the step-by-step procedure involving careful fat harvesting, processing, and reinjection. Fat grafting is commonly used for facial augmentation and rejuvenation but also has applications for breast and other areas.
This presentation covers some of the most common biomaterials used in plastic surgery.
It will cover Silicone , Hydrogels and cellulose in detail along with their properties and uses in the specific domain.
# I hope this is useful for you all :)
Protocol of Dental Treatment in Radiotherapy Indicated Patients.pptxHoor-E-Jannath Prity
油
The dental management of patients who are to or have received radiotherapy pose a great challenge for general dentists. It is very important that we adhere to the established treatment regime to avoid any complications that may occur because of unplanned dental treatments.
bone graft /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
油
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document describes the classification and treatment of Le Fort I fractures. Le Fort I fractures can be linear, unilateral comminuted, or bilateral comminuted. Treatment depends on the classification and includes observation for non-mobile fractures, closed treatment for minor malocclusions, and open reduction internal fixation for more severe fractures. Open reduction involves exposing the fracture, reducing it, and fixing it with plates placed along the vertical buttresses of the maxilla. Bone grafting may be needed for defects. The occlusion is checked after fixation and corrected if needed.
This document discusses ameloblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor. It defines ameloblastoma and describes its clinical and histological classifications. The most common types are multicystic (86%) and unicystic (13%) ameloblastomas. The document outlines the clinical features, locations, and biological behavior of different ameloblastoma types. It also discusses various surgical treatment options for ameloblastoma, including curettage, enucleation with cauterization, wide excision, and segmental resection with reconstruction.
1) The document classifies pigmented lesions as either melanotic or non-melanotic and discusses various localized and diffuse melanotic lesions as well as endogenous and exogenous non-melanotic lesions.
2) Specific melanotic lesions mentioned include acanthosis nigricans, caf辿 au lait spots associated with neurofibromatosis or polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, and smoker's melanosis.
3) Non-melanotic lesions discussed include those caused by lipopigments like carotene, red blood cells, vascular lesions like hemangiomas, port wine stains, Kaposi's sarcoma, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
A presentation created by Dr. Henry N. Ho, Medical Director, Head and Neck Program, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, discussing everything you need to know about head and neck melanoma.
The presentation deals with the various suturing materials available and the different kinds of techniques used. Attempts have been made to simplify the text and support with suitable illustrations. Hope you like it!
Suggestions and feedback will be highly appreciated! :)
Case presented in National ENT conference in serena hotel, Islamabad in Dec. 2015
Author
Dr. Ghulam Saqulain HOD
Dr. Jawad Ahmed Assoc. surgeon
Dr. Zaimal Shahan PGT
This document summarizes salivary gland tumors. It discusses the location and types of major and minor salivary glands. The most common tumors are pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Risk factors for salivary gland cancers include radiation exposure and certain occupations. Treatment involves surgical resection of the gland with preservation of nearby structures like the facial nerve when possible. Post-operative complications can include facial nerve palsy.
Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in oral cavity cancerDr.Rashmi Yadav
油
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy play important roles in the treatment of oral cavity cancer alongside surgery. Radiotherapy is often used as the primary treatment for early stage cancers or as an adjuvant treatment with surgery for more advanced cancers. Chemotherapy is commonly used neoadjuvantly or concurrently with radiotherapy to improve treatment outcomes, especially for advanced cancers. Brachytherapy can also be used as a radiation boost for early stage oral cavity cancers. The goals of treatment are maximizing local tumor control while preserving function and minimizing side effects through a multidisciplinary approach.
This document discusses radiation oncology and the treatment of oral cancers. It provides an overview of the radiation therapy process, including the roles of the radiation oncologist and other staff. It describes the goals of radiation therapy to control the tumor while sparing normal tissues. The document outlines the different radiation therapy techniques available and considerations in developing treatment plans for oral cancers based on factors like tumor site and stage. It also reviews acute and late side effects of radiation therapy and follow-up care post-treatment.
This document summarizes the evolution of ultrasound techniques for evaluating thyroid nodules over 45 years, from analog to digital B-mode ultrasound to elastography and implementation of the TI-RADS classification system. It describes the TI-RADS scoring system from 2 to 5 based on cancer risk, outlines key ultrasound features considered to determine the score, and references studies validating the predictive value of TI-RADS for malignancy. The goal of TI-RADS is to provide a standardized vocabulary and reporting structure to stratify cancer risk of thyroid nodules seen on ultrasound.
The document discusses parotid tumors and parotidectomy surgery. It provides information on the types and characteristics of benign and malignant parotid tumors, including the most common types. Evaluation, treatment, and complications of parotid surgery are described, with key points on identifying and preserving the facial nerve during parotidectomy procedures.
This document summarizes different types of solitary thyroid nodules (STNs), including their clinical presentations, pathological findings, investigations, and treatment approaches. It discusses STNs that may be caused by multinodular goiter, colloid nodules, cysts, autonomous toxic nodules, various forms of thyroiditis, follicular adenomas, and malignant lesions such as papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. For each condition, it provides details on symptoms, microscopic pathology, diagnostic testing, and surgical or medical management strategies.
Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion characterized by the replacement of normal bone by fibrous connective tissue containing abnormal bone. It can present as a monostotic (single bone) or polyostotic (multiple bones) form. The document reports two cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia affecting the maxilla, presenting with swelling and radiographic findings of granular radiopacity. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of cellular fibrous tissue intermixed with irregular bone fragments, consistent with fibrous dysplasia. The document further discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic presentations, differential diagnosis and management of fibrous dysplasia.
Tissue expansion is a technique used to generate additional soft tissue for reconstruction. It involves surgically placing an implant under the skin that is gradually inflated over time using saline injections, causing the overlying tissue to stretch and grow. The document discusses the history, biology, types of implants, principles and applications of tissue expansion. It can be used to reconstruct defects on the scalp, forehead, face, neck and nose by expanding the surrounding tissue.
Management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures ihitrat hussain
油
This document discusses the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. It begins with an introduction describing the anatomy of the zygomatic bone and its involvement in tripod fractures. It then covers the clinical examination, radiological evaluation, and various approaches and methods for both closed and open reduction and fixation of these fractures, including the use of plates, wires, and temporary fixation. Complications of treatment are also outlined.
1. The document discusses various types of flaps used in reconstructive surgery including local flaps, regional flaps, and free flaps.
2. Different types of local flaps are described such as rotation flaps, transposition flaps, and advancement flaps which allow redistribution of tissue near a defect.
3. Regional flaps like the pectoralis major flap provide tissue from a distance away but within the same anatomical region and rely on named vessels within a vascular pedicle.
Autologous fat grafting involves harvesting fat from one area of the body and reinjecting it into another area. It has been used since the late 1800s to correct facial wrinkles and depressions. Modern techniques developed in the 1980s and 1990s have made fat grafting a reliable procedure. The document outlines the history and evolution of fat grafting techniques. It describes the surgical anatomy of harvest and injection sites, indications for fat grafting, and the step-by-step procedure involving careful fat harvesting, processing, and reinjection. Fat grafting is commonly used for facial augmentation and rejuvenation but also has applications for breast and other areas.
This presentation covers some of the most common biomaterials used in plastic surgery.
It will cover Silicone , Hydrogels and cellulose in detail along with their properties and uses in the specific domain.
# I hope this is useful for you all :)
Protocol of Dental Treatment in Radiotherapy Indicated Patients.pptxHoor-E-Jannath Prity
油
The dental management of patients who are to or have received radiotherapy pose a great challenge for general dentists. It is very important that we adhere to the established treatment regime to avoid any complications that may occur because of unplanned dental treatments.
bone graft /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
油
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Sclerosing foam in the treatment of venous ulcers of lower limbs Maurizio Ronconi
油
This document summarizes research on the use of sclerosing foam in the treatment of venous ulcers of the lower limbs. It provides background on the epidemiology of venous ulcers, their natural history, relationship to venous reflux, and high recurrence rates with compression therapy alone. The document then reviews the history of sclerosing foam and results from studies showing foam sclerotherapy to be as or more effective than surgery in treating reflux, with healing rates of over 80% and recurrence rates under 10% when combined with compression. It also presents results from the author's personal study showing ulcer healing in 91% of patients treated with foam sclerotherapy and compression versus 84% for compression alone, with significantly lower recurrence
Varicose leg ulcer 20 years after saphenectomy Mediterranean Italian-Gree...Maurizio Ronconi
油
This document summarizes the case of a 74-year-old female patient with a leg ulcer and history of varicose vein stripping surgery 20 years prior. Examination found bilateral venous reflux, distal perforator vessel incompetence, and a leg ulcer infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. Treatment options discussed include surgery, endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and compression therapy to address the venous reflux and help heal the ulcer. Recurrence rates of leg ulcers are high without addressing the underlying venous issues.
48 itinerari di freeride nelle vallate di Courmayeur e Chamonix
Autore: Domenico Giusti, Giorgio Passino
Editore: Idea Montagna
Argomento: Freeride
Pagine: 320 a colori
Formato: 15x21 cm
Data di pubblicazione: 05/12/2013
Edizione in italiano, francese, inglese
Il Monte Bianco 竪 da sempre la mecca italiana del freeride ed 竪 ogni anno la meta di migliaia di sciatori che fanno base a Courmayeur e Chamonix per poterne godere a pieno i panorami e misurarsi con le esperienze e le sfide che questa montagna sa regalare.
La guida si propone dessere un valido ausilio per chi si approccia al freeride intorno al Monte Bianco. Il volume descrive 48 itinerari, con diversi gradi di difficolt, nelle vallate di Courmayeur e Chamonix. In alcuni casi gli itinerari sono serviti da impianti di risalita, in altri 竪 previsto luso delle pelli di foca.
Per la prima volta in un libro, gli itinerari sono descritti e fotografati anche con prospettiva POV (Point of View) dello sciatore, con lobiettivo di portare il lettore nellitinerario e spiegargli, per quanto possibile, lambiente e le difficolt della discesa che dovr affrontare.
www.ideamontagna.it/librimontagna/libro-alpinismo-montagna.asp?cod=48
The giacomini vein and its pathological flows ( Phoenix, ACP annual meeting 2...Stefano Ermini
油
1. The document discusses pathological venous flows originating from the small saphenous junction (SPJ) and Giacomini vein.
2. It describes how a contractive centripetal flow can occur in the Giacomini vein due to deep vein obstruction or stenosis, carrying blood upwards towards the femoral vein.
3. The author proposes a surgical strategy to preserve this contractive flow while interrupting the relaxing centrifugal flow, in order to achieve good cosmetic and functional results without high recurrence rates.
- Effetti biologici dell'elettrosmog
- Criteri di prevenzione
- Metodi di misura
際際滷s presentate nell'incontro pubblico organizzato da ALSA (Associazione Luciese Salute e Ambiente) tenutosi il 28 Giugno 2015 presso Santa Lucia del Mela (Messina)
Osteosintesi percutanea del radio distale: Tecnica di Legnago (2013)Alberto Mantovani
油
SUMMARY
Purpose: We have developed and used a system of percutaneous fixation of unstable distal radius fractures (DRF)
using 4 Kirschner (K) wires. These wires are passed from the lateral side of the radius and connected among themselves
using a clamp. We call this the Legnago technique and the objective of this study is to standardize the
method and make it safe and easily reproducible. Methods: 27 patients aged from 45 to 102, 3 men and 24 women,
were treated using this technique. The indications were strictly limited to type A2 and A3 of the AO classification,
excluding the A3.3. These were usually emergency procedures, performed under local anaesthesia and under
image intensifier control. We recommend a small incision at the entry point of each K wire and blunt dissection up
to the bone in order to avoid impalement of vessels, tendons or nerves.We follow a standard sequence of passing four
K wires, starting with a 2 mm K wire from the radial styloid into the medullary canal of the radius. This is inserted
dorsal to the tendons of the first extensor compartment. The K wire was mounted on a Jacobs chuck handle and
was pre-bent at its leading end to around 30 degrees. This helps to control the direction of the wire within the bone
and, also, helps in achieving the reduction. The subsequent three wires of diameter 1.8 mm are passed using a motorised
drill from the lateral aspect of the lower end of the radius across the fracture site to engage the opposite cortex.
Finally, each of the wires is bent adequately in a convergent direction along the axis of the wrist on the lateral side
and held together with the help of a clamp. Results: Each patient was evaluated according to MayoWrist Score criteria,
with a follow-up ranging from 4-26 months.We noted 17 excellent results, 7 good and 3 satisfactory. Radiological
consolidation of the fracture was achieved in each patient, at an average delay of 40 days. Union occurred
with no change in the radiological parameters achieved by the operation. The complications included three cases of
superficial infection around the K wires and a partial lesion of the superficial radial nerve. The patients regained
complete autonomy in the use of the affected upper limb for activities of daily living within a week from the operation.
None of the patients underwent supervised physiotherapy. Conclusions: The Legnago technique of percutaneous
fixation of the DRF has proved efficacious in the treatment of unstable extra-articular fractures. The particular
arrangement of insertion of the K-wires and their connection using an external fixator clamp allowed early
active mobilisation of the wrist without plaster support. This concurs with recent experimental demonstrations according
to which the biomechanical stability of the percutaneous fixation of the DRF with externally connected
crossing K wires is superimposable to that obtained by volar locked plates. RivChirMano 2012; 3: 339-349
2. Epidemiologia malattia varicosa
> 6 milioni persone
costi superiori a $ 2,5 miliardi
2 milioni di giornate lavorative perse
anno
anno
1-2% della popolazione
costo per NHS 贈 400-600 milioni
3% tot. investito per la salute
nel mondo industrializato 1% costo totale per la salute
3. Varicose veins today
J. L. OHare and J. J. Earnshaw
Department of Vascular Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
The past few years have witnessed an explosion in types of
minimally invasive treatment technique and this has made decisions
about varicose vein treatment more difficult . These techniques
include thermal ablation in the form of endovenous laser ablation or
radiofrequency ablation, and foam sclerotherapy.
As it can be concluded already that all of the techniques addressed
in this article improve quality of life.
British Journal of Surgery 2009; 96: 1229 1230
4. Tecniche odierne di cura delle varici
Chirurgiche
- Safenectomia radicale
- Radiofrequenza (RF)
- Laserterapia (EVLT)
Non chirurgiche
approccio mini-invasivo alla crosse
e al tronco safenico, senza
eseguire la crossectomia
- Sclerosi (ECO-endosclerosi con mousse)
5. Safenectomia radicale
Tecnica
stripping lungo, stripping corto,flebectomia
Anestesia: generale, peridurale, locale,
Incisione inguinale (polite) e sezione della connessione safeno-femorale (safeno-poplitea).
Sezione della safena al malleolo (stripping lungo) o al ginocchio (stripping corto) e
suo incanulamento mediante stripper.
Sezione, legatura delle collaterali e di eventuali perforanti
Strippng della safena
Outcome
Dimissione dallospedale il giorno dopo (o giorno stesso) lintervento.
Ripresa normale attivit dopo 7 giorni
Complicanze
Cicatrice chirurgica
Linforrea
Lesioni nervose
6. Radiofrequenza
Tecnica
Anestesia locale al ginocchio.
Inserimento di un ago che dalla cute entra direttamente nella vena.
Attraverso lago viene fatto passare un catetere per radiofrequenza
Il catetere trasmette enegia termica fornita dalla radiofrequaenza alla parete della
vena facendola collassare e saldare
Outcome
Dopo la procedura i pazienti vengono bendati, vengono invitati a camminare e
generalmente possono riprendere il lavoro entro pochi giorni
Complicanze
ustioni della cute
disestesie/parestesie cutanne da lesioni dei nervi sensitivi superficiali
8. Laser
Tecnica
Anestesia locale al ginocchio.
Inserimento di un ago che dalla cute entra direttamente nella vena.
Attraverso lago viene fatto passare una piccola fibra laser
Il catetere trasmette enegia termica fornita dalla luce pulsata alla parete della vena
facendola collassare e saldare
Outcome
Dopo la procedura i pazienti vengono bendati, vengono invitati a camminare e
generalmente possono riprendere il lavoro entro pochi giorni
Complicanze
ustioni della cute
disestesie/parestesie cutanne da lesioni dei nervi sensitivi superficiali
10. ECO-endosclerosi con mousse
Tecnica
Visualizzazione della vena da trattare mediante ECO-colordoppler
Puntura della vena sotto guida ECO
Iniezione di schiuma scelrosante
Non necessita di alcuna anestesia
Complicanze
tromboflebite chimica
pigmentazione della cute
Outcome
Immediata rispresa della deambulazione
Ripresa dellattivt lavorativa dal giorno seguente
11. Scleroterapia: definizione
Iniezione nel lume vasale di una sostanza estranea
allorganismo
Agisce provocando un danno endoteliale (endosclerosi)
che innesca un processo infiammatorio e quindi la fibrosi
del vaso
Lo sclerosante ideale 竪 indolore, senza effetti collaterali,
specifico per danneggiare la parete venosa
M.P. Goldman 2002
12. Preliminary experience with a new sclerosing foam
in the treatment of varicose veins
Lorenzo Tessari, MD, * Attilio Cavezzi, MD, and Alessandro Frullini, MD, FACP
* Glauco Bassi Foundation, Trieste, Italy, Vascular Unit, "Stella Maris" Clinic, S. Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, and Studio Flebologico, Incisa Valdarno, Florence, Italy
Dermatol Surg 27:1: january 2001
14. Objectives
To revise and update the results of the 1st European
Consensus Meeting and to include new, important topics
in the development of Foam Sclerotherapy. To provide
practical information for less experienced colleagues.
Methodology
The 29 participants were sent a comprehensive
questionnaire in advance covering all the relevant
aspects of Foam Sclerotherapy. Until early 2006, 184.000
patients had been treated with Foam Sclerotherapy by the
invited experts
15. F. X. Breu et al., Supplement 71, February 2008, 3 VASA 2008; S/71: 329
16. Results
Foam Sclerotherapy has become an established
treatment option for varicosis and has
undoubtedly im- proved the management of
varicose veins.
F. X. Breu et al., Supplement 71, February 2008, 3 VASA 2008; S/71: 329
17. Chronic venous disease treated by ultrasound
guided foam sclerotherapy
P. Coleridge Smith
UCL Medical School, London, UK
GSV 363 318 (88%) 45
GSV > 5 mm dia 160 130 (81%) 30
GSV <村 5 mm dia 203 189 (93%) 15
GSV treated POL 39 33 (80%) 6
GSV treated STD 324 285 (88%) 39
GSV primary 257 220 (86%) 37
GSV recurrent 106 98 (92%) 8
25
14
11
4
21
SSV 141 116 (82%)
48 (77%)
68 (86%)
11 (73%)
105 (84%)
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Vol 32, November 2006
SSV > 5 mm dia 62
SSV <村 5 mm dia 79
SSV treated POL 15
SSV treated STD 126
SSV primary 135
24
111 (82%)
Totale esaminati
Stato della vena a 11 mesi
dal trattamento
808 occlusa insufficiente
18. Surgery for varicose veins is widely used in the UK
but recurrence may be expected in 25-50% of patients at
5 years
Surgery leaves scars and may result in damage to
adjacent structures including nerves, lymphatics, major
arteries and veins. Deep vein thrombosis and
pulmonary embolism occur
Conclusions.
This technique is useful in the management of chronic
venous disease as an alternative to surgery
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Vol 32, November 2006
19. Outcome of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy for varicose veins:
medium-term results assessed by ultrasound surveillance
K.A. Myers,1* D. Jolley,2 A. Clough1 and J. Kirwan1
1Melbourne Vascular Ultrasound, Epworth Hospital, and
2Monash Institute of Health Services Research, Melbourne, Australia
3
percent. successi
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 2
anni dopo la schiuma
successo
secondario
successo primario
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, Vol 33 January 2007
20. Efficacy and Safety of Great Saphenous Vein Sclerotherapy Using
Standardised Polidocanol Foam (ESAF): A Randomised
Controlled Multicentre Clinical Trial
E. Rabe,1*,a J. Otto,2 D. Schliephake2 and F. Pannier1,a
1Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany, and 2Chemische Fabrik Kreussler & Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
Europ J vasc Endovasc Surg: Vol 35, February 2008
21. Recovery after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy
(UGFS) compared with conventional surgery for varicose
veins
K. A. L. Darvall, G. R. Bate, D. J. Adam and A. W. Bradbury
Department of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham University, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
This questionnaire study showed that, when
compared with conventional varicose vein
surgery, UGFS was associated with significantly
less pain and time off work and driving.
British Journal of Surgery 2009; 96: 1262 1267
22. Recovery after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS)
compared with conventional surgery for varicose veins
K. A. L. Darvall, G. R. Bate, D. J. Adam and A. W. Bradbury
Department of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham University, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
dolore
nulla
poco
tanto
chirurgia
%
p
a
z
i
e
n
t
i
100
0
5%
foam
17%
P = 0,001
%
p
a
z
i
e
n
t
i
100
0
foam chirurgia
T trascorso prima
ripresa lavoro
2 settimane
1 -2 settimane
2 -7 giorni
entro le 24 ore
24. La scleromousse: indicazioni
Vena Grande safena (GSV),
Vena Piccola Safena (SSV),
Tributarie (Trib),
Vene varicose ricorrenti (RecVV),
Vene perforanti (PerfV),
Vene reticolari (RetV),
Telangiectasie (Tel),
Malformazioni vascolari venose (VVM)
Altre indicazioni (emorroidi, cisti di Baker, varicocele)
25. Nostra esperienza
pre-procedura
Accurata raccolta anamnestica
Esame clinico ed eco-color doppler
Consegna e spiegazione consenso informato
26. Nostra esperienza
Tecnica
ecografo 7,5 -10 mhz (trasversale o longitudinale)
visualizzazione della crosse
puntura della vena a distanza dalla crosse (4-10 cm)
eventuale catetere intravenoso
concentrazione : TDS 1-3% POL 1-3%
quantit: 0,5 1 2 fino ad 8 cc
dimensioni vena safena < 12mm
27. Nostra esperienza
post-trattamento
Controllo immediato ECO-colordoppler
Calza elastica
Mobilizzazione immediata
Precise indicazioni di comportamento
Terapia domiciliare
28. Terapia domiciliare
Bioflavonoidi
scoperti da Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (premio Nobel nel 1937)
effetto sinergico antiossidante con la vitamina C
aumentano la resistenza dei capillari e regolano la loro
permeabilit
proteggono dalle emorragie e dalle rotture dei capillari
450-900 mg/die
30. Nostra esperienza
Et 30- 84 anni
Dimensioni vene trattate da 0,6 a 1,8 cm
DTS e POL a concentrazioni 1% o 3%
Quantit massima 8 cc (media 4cc)
3 pz in TAO
155 procedure
85 pazienti
Casistica
31. Nostra esperienza
Risultati
Obliterazione totale 82% (70 pz)
Recidiva parziale 14% (12 pz)
Completa ricanalizzaizone 4% (3 pz)
Follow-up medio
24 mesi
32. Complicanze in Letteratura
dolore locale
Complicanze ecchimosi
maggiori
flebite chimica(3,5-17%)
disestesie
ematoma sede puntura
TVP (0,8-2%)
EP (0%)
Stroke (1 caso)
Complicanze minori
cefalea
scotomi amaurosi
teleangectasie
iperpigmentazione
prurito
33. Nostra esperienza: complicanze
Dolore locale lungo la vena trattata 28
28
Iperpigmentazione Iperpigmentazione temporanea temporanea 15
15
Eritema da bendaggio elasto adesivo 6
Edema 1
Cefalea 1
Infezioni 0
TVP/ TEP 0
Ematoma sede puntura 0
Disturbi visivi 0
41. Varicose veins today
J. L. OHare and J. J. Earnshaw
Department of Vascular Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
Today, clinicians should be able to offer at
least one alternative to conventional surgery
British Journal of Surgery 2009; 96: 1229 1230