Properties of matter pp
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This document discusses the properties of matter including pure substances like elements and compounds, as well as mixtures. It describes the differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures and how mixtures can be classified based on particle size. The document also covers physical properties, chemical properties, and how physical and chemical changes can be distinguished.
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MATTER
Mixture
It is composed of two or more pure substances combined through physical means in varying proportions.
Each pure substance in a mixture retains its property.
The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means depending on the states of the pure substances in a mixture.
It can be classified into two namely homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Homogeneous Mixture
It has uniform composition and properties.
It has only one phase in which it is hard to determine the components of the mixture visually.
Heterogeneous Mixture
It has varying composition and properties.
It may have two or more phases since the individual substance is visually distinct
Solution, Suspension and Colloid
Mixtures can also be classified based on particle size namely solution, suspension, and colloid.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture while a suspension and a colloid are heterogeneous mixtures.
1. Solution
It has two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout the mixture. It forms a single phase
It has the smallest particle size. Particles of a solution are invisible to the naked eye.
2. Suspension
The components of a suspension separate over time due to the influence of gravity.
It has the largest particle size compared to the other types of mixtures. The particles in a suspension are visible to the naked eye
3. Colloid
The particles in a colloid only remain suspended in the medium when viewed using a microscope.
It has an intermediate particle size compared to solutions and suspensions. The particles appear to be invisible to the naked eye.
Tyndall Effect
Colloidal particles exhibit Brownian movement and cause Tyndall effect.
Brownian movement is the random movement of particles suspended in gas or liquid.
This random motion of particles causes the scattering of light or Tyndall effect. Tyndall effect is usually demonstrated by passing a ray of light through a sample mixture.
Tyndall effect could be used to identify the mixture as solution, colloid, or suspension.
Properties of matter pp
- 1. Properties of Matter Chapter 2 Maria Passarelli
- 2. Pure Substances Every sample of a given substancehas the same properties because a substance has a 鍖xed, uniform composition
- 3. Elements An element has a 鍖xed composition because it contains only one type of atom. An atom is the smallest particle of an element
- 4. Compounds Hydrogen+Oxygen =Water A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a 鍖xed proportion
- 5. Mixtures The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not 鍖xed
- 6. Heterogeneous Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another
- 7. Homogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the substances are so evenly distributed that it is dif鍖cult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another
- 8. Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classi鍖ed as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid
- 9. Solutions When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixtures, the mixture that forms is called a solution
- 10. Suspentions A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time
- 11. Colloids A colloid contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension
- 12. Physical Properties Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of physical properties
- 13. Viscosity The tendency of a liquid to keep from 鍖owing-its resistance to 鍖owing-is called its viscosity
- 14. Conductivity A materials ability to allow heat to 鍖ow is called conductivity
- 15. Malleability Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
- 16. Density Used to test the purity of a substance Mass/Volume=Density
- 17. Using Physical Properties Physical properties are used to identify a material, to choose a material for a speci鍖c purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture
- 18. Using Properties to Separate Mixtures Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods
- 19. Filtration Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles
- 20. Distillation Distillation is a process that separates the substance in a solution based on their boiling points
- 21. Evaporation a process used to isolate a solid dissolved in a liquid Disclaimer- you are not going to isolate a pure sample of all components of the mixture!
- 22. Physical/Chemical Change A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same A chemical change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances
- 23. Chemical Properties Chemical Properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.
- 24. Flammability Flammability is a materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
- 25. Reactivity The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances in reactivity
- 26. Recognizing Chemical Change Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color, the production of gas, the formation of a precipitate, and a change in temperature
- 27. How can you distinguish a physical change from a chemical change?
- 28. List four pieces of evidence that show something is a chemical change?
- 29. What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
- 30. What is the technique for a chemical separation?
- 31. What is a Formation of a precipitate?