This document discusses discourse analysis and vocabulary. It explains that discourse-organizing words help signal larger textual patterns and parcel up phrases and sentences. Examples of discourse patterns include problem-solution, claim-counterclaim, and doubt/uncertainty. Register and idioms also help organize discourse. Modality expresses certainty, possibility, volition, permission and obligation and conveys stance. Studying vocabulary in discourse looks at patterns across clauses/sentences and how certain words organize structure and register. Collecting vocabulary along discourse-functional lines can motivate word lists beyond traditional semantic fields.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns in English. It discusses personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns. For each type of pronoun, it identifies the categories and provides examples to illustrate their uses in sentences. The document aims to explain the different pronoun types and how they function as replacements for nouns in language.
Nouns As Modifiers, By Dr Shadia [Compatibility Mode]Dr. Shadia Banjar
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Nouns can be used to modify other nouns, with the first noun acting as an adjective. The first noun is usually singular and describes a type or kind of the second noun. For example, a "grammar book" is a book about grammar. When combining a number with the first noun, a hyphen is used to join them into a compound adjective. For instance, it would be a "two-hour test", not a "two hours test". Hyphens avoid ambiguity and clarify the relationship between the nouns.
A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun, and can serve in five positions: subject, predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, and object of a preposition. Common words that can introduce noun clauses include how, that, what, whatever, when, whether, which, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why. Noun clauses contain both a subject and a verb and function in a sentence similar to how a noun would.
The document discusses the past continuous passive voice. It provides the structure using "was/were being" or "was/were getting" followed by the past participle. Examples are given for each person and exercises provided for changing sentences from active to passive voice. Key points covered include questioning structures in the passive, changing negatives to passive, and exercises for students to practice.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan contoh kalimat untuk membuat request dalam bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan kata kerja seperti can, could, may, might, will dan would. Terdapat contoh kalimat request, contoh jawaban positif dan negatif, serta contoh dialog pendek untuk membuat request dan menjawabnya.
Genetic research has produced both promising and concerning possibilities. While the ability to create new forms of life in a laboratory could benefit humanity, for example by enabling cheap insulin production, it could also have unintended consequences. Both the potential benefits and risks of further developing genetic engineering should be considered.
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The document discusses different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, and frequency. Adverbs of time indicate when something occurs, adverbs of place indicate where something occurs, adverbs of manner describe how something is done, adverbs of degree specify the level or extent of something, and adverbs of frequency show how often something takes place. Examples are provided for each type of adverb.
This document discusses different types of substitution and ellipsis that can be used in English grammar. It explains how pronouns like one, demonstratives, and quantifiers can substitute for nouns. It also discusses substituting verbs with forms of "do" and using "so", "it", or "that" to replace verb phrases. The document provides examples of substituting clauses with verbs like "expect", "think", and omitting words like nouns, verbs, and infinitives to avoid repetition.
Indirect or embedded questions are questions that are asked in a polite, indirect way as part of a longer sentence. They are used in formal situations like writing and speaking to soften requests and make them more polite. Indirect questions have two clauses - an introductory clause that softens the request, and a second clause that asks the actual question. Some examples of indirect questions provided are "Do you know what time the staff meeting begins?" and "I was wondering why we need to do all the writing tasks." Indirect questions are a more polite way to ask questions compared to direct questions.
The document discusses paraphrasing skills and provides examples of how to paraphrase a text while maintaining the original meaning. It suggests various paraphrasing methods such as using synonyms, rearranging ideas or sentences, combining short sentences, changing word forms, and changing from active to passive voice. The document also distinguishes paraphrasing from plagiarism and includes exercises for practicing paraphrasing.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns:
- Pronouns take the place of nouns and their categories include personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative, and indefinite pronouns.
- Personal pronouns represent specific people or things and depend on number, person, gender, and case.
- Possessive pronouns show ownership and never use apostrophes.
- Demonstrative pronouns single out nouns by distance or time as this/these (near) and that/those (far).
3.1 simple subjects and simple predicates - inkGrammarFlip
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This document discusses the basic elements of a simple sentence: a subject, which is who or what the sentence is about, and a predicate, which is the action being performed by the subject. It provides examples of simple sentences with clearly identifiable subjects ("the little dog", "the cute baby") and predicates ("barked", "cried") to demonstrate these core components. The purpose is to help the reader understand that every sentence needs both a subject and a predicate in order to be grammatically complete.
Subject Pronouns vs Object Pronouns: English LanguageA. Simoes
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This document discusses personal pronouns and how they are used. It explains that personal pronouns can be used as subjects or objects of verbs, and after prepositions. It provides examples of singular and plural personal pronouns used as subjects and objects in the first, second and third person. It also notes some exceptions and additional uses of pronouns like "it" as an empty pronoun or for weather, time and distance.
The document discusses three main ways to form negative sentences in English: 1) Using a single negative word like "no" or "not"; 2) Using the word "but" in a negative sense without another negative word; 3) Using words like "barely", "hardly", and "scarcely" with another negative word. It provides examples of correct and incorrect negative constructions. Key points are to avoid double negatives by using one negative term per clause and to understand words like "but", "barely", "hardly", and "scarcely" can implicitly make a sentence negative without another negative word.
The document defines compound adjectives as two or more words that act as a single idea to modify a noun. It provides examples of compound adjectives like "part-time employee" and "high-speed chase". It explains that a hyphen is used between the words to indicate they act as a single adjective. The document then discusses different types of compound adjectives formed from combinations of numbers and time periods, adverbs, nouns, adjectives, and participles. It provides rules for when a hyphen is needed with each type of combination to create a compound adjective.
This document discusses apposition and provides examples and explanations. It defines apposition as linking units that have the same meaning or grammatical status. There are two types of apposition: restrictive and non-restrictive. Restrictive apposition provides essential information, while non-restrictive apposition provides additional descriptive information. The document also discusses indicators used with appositives and provides exercises to identify whether examples contain restrictive or non-restrictive apposition.
The document discusses sympathy expression and provides examples of how to show sympathy to others. It defines sympathy expression as feeling pity and sorrow for someone experiencing unlucky situations or trouble. Examples are given of sympathy expressions such as saying "I'm sorry to hear that" or writing a card, as well as potential responses like "Thank you for your sympathy."
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences and future time clauses in English. It explains that zero conditional sentences use the present simple to talk about things that are always true. First conditional sentences use the present simple in one clause and will or other modal verbs in the other clause to talk about possible future situations. Future time clauses use the present simple after words like when, as soon as, until, before, and after to refer to the future. Examples are provided to illustrate the different structures.
The document discusses possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. Possessive pronouns are used in place of nouns to indicate ownership or possession, such as "his", "hers", and "theirs". Possessive adjectives modify nouns to indicate ownership or possession, such as "her" and "my". Examples are provided of sentences containing possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives.
This document discusses different ways to politely ask permission, offer help, and make requests. It compares question structures for asking permission like "Can I leave early?" versus "May I leave early?" and explains that indirect questions are generally more polite than direct ones for making requests. Examples are provided for offering help using phrases like "Shall I carry your bag?" and for making polite requests that avoid direct questions.
The document discusses deixis, or linguistic expressions that indicate spatial, temporal, or personal relationships relative to the speaker. It covers key aspects of person deixis including first, second, and third person pronouns. Spatial deixis involves terms like here and there that indicate location. Temporal deixis uses terms like now and then to indicate time. Deixis is context-dependent and influences how expressions are interpreted. Grammatical context can also impact whether a deictic term is understood as proximal or distal relative to the speaker. Exercises are provided to analyze example deictic signs and interpret their meanings based on deixis type.
The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice in sentence structure. In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb, following the structure of subject + verb + object. In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb, following the structure of object + verb + subject. Active voice sentences are more clear and straightforward, while passive voice sentences are less clear and do not express meaning as directly. Examples are provided of converting sentences between active and passive voice.
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The document discusses different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, and frequency. Adverbs of time indicate when something occurs, adverbs of place indicate where something occurs, adverbs of manner describe how something is done, adverbs of degree specify the level or extent of something, and adverbs of frequency show how often something takes place. Examples are provided for each type of adverb.
This document discusses different types of substitution and ellipsis that can be used in English grammar. It explains how pronouns like one, demonstratives, and quantifiers can substitute for nouns. It also discusses substituting verbs with forms of "do" and using "so", "it", or "that" to replace verb phrases. The document provides examples of substituting clauses with verbs like "expect", "think", and omitting words like nouns, verbs, and infinitives to avoid repetition.
Indirect or embedded questions are questions that are asked in a polite, indirect way as part of a longer sentence. They are used in formal situations like writing and speaking to soften requests and make them more polite. Indirect questions have two clauses - an introductory clause that softens the request, and a second clause that asks the actual question. Some examples of indirect questions provided are "Do you know what time the staff meeting begins?" and "I was wondering why we need to do all the writing tasks." Indirect questions are a more polite way to ask questions compared to direct questions.
The document discusses paraphrasing skills and provides examples of how to paraphrase a text while maintaining the original meaning. It suggests various paraphrasing methods such as using synonyms, rearranging ideas or sentences, combining short sentences, changing word forms, and changing from active to passive voice. The document also distinguishes paraphrasing from plagiarism and includes exercises for practicing paraphrasing.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns:
- Pronouns take the place of nouns and their categories include personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative, and indefinite pronouns.
- Personal pronouns represent specific people or things and depend on number, person, gender, and case.
- Possessive pronouns show ownership and never use apostrophes.
- Demonstrative pronouns single out nouns by distance or time as this/these (near) and that/those (far).
3.1 simple subjects and simple predicates - inkGrammarFlip
Ìý
This document discusses the basic elements of a simple sentence: a subject, which is who or what the sentence is about, and a predicate, which is the action being performed by the subject. It provides examples of simple sentences with clearly identifiable subjects ("the little dog", "the cute baby") and predicates ("barked", "cried") to demonstrate these core components. The purpose is to help the reader understand that every sentence needs both a subject and a predicate in order to be grammatically complete.
Subject Pronouns vs Object Pronouns: English LanguageA. Simoes
Ìý
This document discusses personal pronouns and how they are used. It explains that personal pronouns can be used as subjects or objects of verbs, and after prepositions. It provides examples of singular and plural personal pronouns used as subjects and objects in the first, second and third person. It also notes some exceptions and additional uses of pronouns like "it" as an empty pronoun or for weather, time and distance.
The document discusses three main ways to form negative sentences in English: 1) Using a single negative word like "no" or "not"; 2) Using the word "but" in a negative sense without another negative word; 3) Using words like "barely", "hardly", and "scarcely" with another negative word. It provides examples of correct and incorrect negative constructions. Key points are to avoid double negatives by using one negative term per clause and to understand words like "but", "barely", "hardly", and "scarcely" can implicitly make a sentence negative without another negative word.
The document defines compound adjectives as two or more words that act as a single idea to modify a noun. It provides examples of compound adjectives like "part-time employee" and "high-speed chase". It explains that a hyphen is used between the words to indicate they act as a single adjective. The document then discusses different types of compound adjectives formed from combinations of numbers and time periods, adverbs, nouns, adjectives, and participles. It provides rules for when a hyphen is needed with each type of combination to create a compound adjective.
This document discusses apposition and provides examples and explanations. It defines apposition as linking units that have the same meaning or grammatical status. There are two types of apposition: restrictive and non-restrictive. Restrictive apposition provides essential information, while non-restrictive apposition provides additional descriptive information. The document also discusses indicators used with appositives and provides exercises to identify whether examples contain restrictive or non-restrictive apposition.
The document discusses sympathy expression and provides examples of how to show sympathy to others. It defines sympathy expression as feeling pity and sorrow for someone experiencing unlucky situations or trouble. Examples are given of sympathy expressions such as saying "I'm sorry to hear that" or writing a card, as well as potential responses like "Thank you for your sympathy."
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences and future time clauses in English. It explains that zero conditional sentences use the present simple to talk about things that are always true. First conditional sentences use the present simple in one clause and will or other modal verbs in the other clause to talk about possible future situations. Future time clauses use the present simple after words like when, as soon as, until, before, and after to refer to the future. Examples are provided to illustrate the different structures.
The document discusses possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. Possessive pronouns are used in place of nouns to indicate ownership or possession, such as "his", "hers", and "theirs". Possessive adjectives modify nouns to indicate ownership or possession, such as "her" and "my". Examples are provided of sentences containing possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives.
This document discusses different ways to politely ask permission, offer help, and make requests. It compares question structures for asking permission like "Can I leave early?" versus "May I leave early?" and explains that indirect questions are generally more polite than direct ones for making requests. Examples are provided for offering help using phrases like "Shall I carry your bag?" and for making polite requests that avoid direct questions.
The document discusses deixis, or linguistic expressions that indicate spatial, temporal, or personal relationships relative to the speaker. It covers key aspects of person deixis including first, second, and third person pronouns. Spatial deixis involves terms like here and there that indicate location. Temporal deixis uses terms like now and then to indicate time. Deixis is context-dependent and influences how expressions are interpreted. Grammatical context can also impact whether a deictic term is understood as proximal or distal relative to the speaker. Exercises are provided to analyze example deictic signs and interpret their meanings based on deixis type.
The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice in sentence structure. In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed by the verb, following the structure of subject + verb + object. In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed by the verb, following the structure of object + verb + subject. Active voice sentences are more clear and straightforward, while passive voice sentences are less clear and do not express meaning as directly. Examples are provided of converting sentences between active and passive voice.
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This document provides an overview of rhetoric and argument essays. It discusses the essential elements of an argument, including the claim, evidence, counterargument, and rebuttal. It notes that a successful argument depends on balancing these elements. The document then outlines the typical sections of an argument essay, including an introduction with a thesis, presenting the position agreed with and supported by evidence, presenting the opposing position and circumstances where it could be valid, rebutting the opposition's stance, and providing a conclusion. It also briefly introduces the concept of a consensual or Rogerian argument.
The applicant wishes to attend the University of Michigan's School of Literature, Science, and the Arts due to its reputation and success over many decades. They have dreamed of becoming a Michigan Wolverine and studying biology and psychology. The school offers a wide range of majors and programs, as well as the opportunity to transfer to higher-level institutes. The applicant believes the school's comprehensive studies program and over 3,000 classes per semester will help ensure their future career success.
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Soil erosion from farms can have negative environmental impacts by reducing nutrient-rich topsoil, increasing sedimentation in waterways which harms aquatic ecosystems, and allowing chemicals from fertilizers and pesticides to pollute drinking water sources as they run off from fields. Prevention methods for farms include maintaining ground cover through no-till practices and buffer zones, while damage control involves restoring eroded lands and setting limits on chemical usage to protect water quality.
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High school and college have different levels of education but both aim to further students' knowledge. Some similarities are that they both have classrooms, assignments, and students. However, there are three main differences - teachers, classes, and responsibilities. In high school, teachers provide more structured lessons while professors typically focus on tests and papers. Class sizes are smaller in high school than college. Additionally, high school has more structured time and responsibility while college requires more independent time management and responsibility over one's schedule and studies.
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The Pedestrian Essay
1. The Pedestrian Summary
THE PEDESTRIAN ANALYASIS
The pedestrian is a short story written by Ray Bradbury in 1953, the story takes place in the year of
2053. In the story, we follow Leonard Mead as he goes for an evening stroll among tomb–like homes
, until a police car interrupts him. In the end, the police car takes him away to ''the Psychiatric
Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies.'' The story is told using a third person limited
narrator, which is great for keeping the story's mysteries as mysteries, since we as a reader cannot
look inside of Mr. Mead's mind and get the full picture, but only discover this new world one step at
the time as the story continues. To let the reader, discover this new world as the story continues and
also keep them intrigued...show more content...
It has been made quite clear that the world he lives in, at least at that time of day, is dark and
shadowy.
It seems like he is the odd one out, his mindset has not changed even though his surroundings have
and because of this, he is incoherent, someone who is somehow unadapted to this new world. This
is shown many times during the story, for an example; ''but it really made no difference; he was
alone in this world of 2053 A.D., or as good as alone...''
By smartly using the abbreviation A.D. (Anno Domini, which means ''in the year of our Lord'')
Bradbury hints that this world and/or universe might be the same as the one we live in, or at least it
might have been at some point.
By not having a telescreen, he is excluding himself from this new soiciety, since intertainment and
life in general seems to be centered around a television in this world
And by being an outcast he is also a threat to the system becuase he does not remain distracted and
steady while being isolated inside his house behind a screen.
If he was born into this world he problerly woulnd find it so strange. He al so mntions the election
and the removal of police cars as if has exprienced it all. He has knowlege of the world that was
before. A world were books and night strolls
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2. The Pedestrian Analysis
The passages "Plugged–In and Tuned–Out: The Dangers of Teenage Virtual Addiction" by Dr.
Nicholas Kardaras and "The Pedestrian" by Ray Bradbury both approach the same topic through
different perspectives. Kardaras, an addiction specialist, consistently provides examples of ways
technology can impact a child's life for the worse. However, Bradbury takes his readers to the future,
showing the world as if technology took over human lives. The central idea conveyed through both
pieces of writing is the potential dangers posed by technology to both individuals and societies.
Kardaras starts out by stating an unanticipated fact, "What's the biggest addiction problem facing our
kids today and what should we watch out for?" My answer? The Internet"...show more content...
Bradbury begins by describing Leonard Mead's favorite activity, "To enter out into that silence
that was the city at eight o'clock of a misty evening in November, to put your feet upon that
buckling concrete walk, to step over grassy seams and make your way, hands in pockets, through
the silences, that was what Mr. Leonard Mead most dearly loved to do" (Bradbury 1). He informs
the readers that Mr. Mead's favorite activity was quite uncommon because no one else ventured
outside of their homes. Mr. Mead was the only one with the audacity to walk for miles on end
with no destination. Because of this, he gets stopped by the police, asking him plenty of
questions. Bradbury consciously shows the readers that the police car is empty, needing no human
to operate it. After many questions, the police car demands Mr. Mead to get into the car, in order
to take him to the Psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies. In this fictional
world, participating in natural activities, is considered a form of reverse evolution and or mental
handicap. Bradbury takes technology to the extreme, by showcasing what seems to be a perfectly
normal activity as ludicrous. Bradbury means for his short story to be a warning of what the world
will come to if humans don't take advantage of what is around them, instead of staring at a
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3. The Pedestrian
The Pedestrian
The Pedestrian is a short story by Ray Bradbury. The theme of the short story is all about
technology in which it deals with the dangers living in a society which is not only reliant on
technology, but uses technology to control its citizens and to destroy those individuals who dare to
exercise freedom of expression.
At the start of the short story the writer sets the scene for the reader, both in time and place but also
by describing the kind of society that exists in the future world. In the short story the writer writes,
"For long ago he had wisely changed his to sneakers"
This quote makes me think that the pedestrian used to be scared to be seen out at night and wouldn't
want to get noticed. But now he's gotten...show more content...
This is odd because you would not normally have these two words beside each other because the
way they sort of cancel each other out. After the police car takes Mead away, he makes his last
defiant statement asserting his individuality, he comments
"That's my house"
In this sentence, you can see the pride and dignity that Mead had and how he summed it up so much
in just these three words.
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4. Summary Of The Pedestrian
In the short story The Pedestrian is an interesting reading of a story that takes place in the future. It
shows how people would seclude themselves form other and stop caring about one another. This
short story writing style use a detail of imagery to connect the reader to the future. The definition of
Imagery means "In a literary text is an author's use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to
their work. It appeals to human senses to deepen the reader's understanding of the work." (https:/
/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagery)
In the being of the short story The Pedestrian the author Ray Bradbury opens the story with the
imagery "To enter out into that silence that was the city at eight o'clock"(51) an unusual description
of a city at night– unlike the present. He uses words like "tomb–like" describes buildings, and "gray
phantoms" describes inhabitants, unsettling image– lifeless. fig.1
In The Pedestrian there is a man named Mr. Leonard Mead whose is a little different from the
normal. He doesn't do the same thing as everyone else does. With this short story taking place in
the future everyone seems to have a curfew, where they should be watching television. Mr. Mead
doesn't like this so every night he goes for a walk around. Bradbury set the mood by saying "he
began his journey in a westerly direction"(51) meaning symbolism, west is the direction the sun sets.
The loss of light has metaphorical connotations of death (the death of society). "long ago he had
wisely
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5. The Pedestrian Short Story
Albert Einstein once said, "I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The
world will have a generation of idiots". In the story, The Pedestrian, the main character, Mr.
Leonard Mead, lives in a society where technology has replaced human interaction. Technology
negatively affects society by leading to a lack of individuality and antisocial behavior. In the story,
there is a lack of individuality which is formed from the negative effects from technology. For
example, Mr. Mead lives in a city where all the residents act the same. The narrator explains, "The
tombs, ill–lit by television light, where people sat like the dead, the gray or multicolored lights
touching their faces but never really touching them" (175).
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