The document discusses various local anesthesia techniques for the maxilla including infiltration, field blocks, and nerve blocks to anesthetize different regions. It describes the anatomy of the maxillary nerves and the techniques for maxillary nerve blocks like the posterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar, and infraorbital nerve blocks. The goal of local anesthesia is to decrease pain during and after a procedure and increase patient cooperation.
The document discusses various local anesthesia techniques for the maxilla including infiltration, field blocks, and nerve blocks to anesthetize different regions. It describes the anatomy of the maxillary nerves and the techniques for maxillary nerve blocks like the posterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar, and infraorbital nerve blocks. The goal of local anesthesia is to decrease pain during and after a procedure and increase patient cooperation.
This document provides information on various soft tissue tumors and lesions of the oral cavity, including their etiology, location, appearance, microscopic features, behavior, treatment, and prognosis. Key details are provided for irritation fibroma, giant cell fibroma, epulis fissuratum, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, fibromatosis, fibrosarcoma, fibrous histiocytoma, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Objectives for describing each lesion are also outlined.
1. The document describes the procedure of apicoectomy, which is the surgical removal of the root tip and surrounding pathological tissue of a tooth.
2. Various surgical instruments are discussed, including microhead handpieces, micro mirrors, and mini amalgam carriers and pluggers for retrograde filling.
3. The procedure involves designing a surgical flap, determining and exposing the tooth root, removing the root tip, and potentially performing a retrograde filling to seal the root canal. Precise localization and removal of pathological tissue is important for healing.
posterior crossbite in primary and mixed dentition etiology and management pedoParth Thakkar
油
1) Posterior crossbite is an abnormal transverse relationship between the upper and lower posterior teeth where the mandibular buccal cusps occlude buccal to the maxillary buccal cusps.
2) Posterior crossbites can be classified based on location, number of teeth involved, unilateral/bilateral involvement, etiology, and extent.
3) Treatment depends on the classification and involves appliances like occlusal equilibrium, coffin springs, cross elastics, W-arches, quad helix, removable appliances, and RME to correct dental, skeletal, or functional crossbites.
Immunological and Inflammatory Aspects of Periodontal DiseaseLE HAI TRIEU
油
This continuing education course reviews immunological and inflammatory aspects of periodontal disease. It discusses the key roles of the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity, in preventing disease and responding to pathogens through inflammation. The course defines important immune components like antibodies, leukocytes, cytokines, and antigens. It also examines the progression of the inflammatory periodontal lesion and the role of inflammation in periodontal tissue destruction.
This document discusses tooth mobility, including its definition, types, assessment methods, and clinical significance. It provides details on physiologic and pathologic tooth mobility, factors that affect mobility, and methods for evaluating mobility. Treatment options are outlined for different situations involving increased tooth mobility and include occlusal adjustment, splinting, and sometimes extraction for advanced periodontal disease cases.
The document summarizes the historical development of classifications for periodontal diseases from 1879 to the current 1999 classification system. Early classifications were based on clinical characteristics with little knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis. Later classifications incorporated knowledge of the role of bacteria, host response, and systemic factors. The current 1999 classification system aims to provide standardized terminology and was developed through international workshops. It classifies gingival diseases, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, periodontitis associated with systemic diseases, and other conditions like necrotizing periodontal diseases.
This document provides guidance on accessing tooth canals during root canal treatment. It discusses locating all canals, removing pulp tissue while conserving tooth structure. Access openings should be made under rubber dam isolation using high-speed instruments with good illumination. Tooth anatomy and pre-operative x-rays are used to determine the number and location of canals. Care must be taken to locate extra canals which may be present, especially in teeth with complex anatomy.
The document discusses cleaning and shaping objectives, principles, and techniques in endodontics. It aims to remove canal contents, irregularities, and obstructions while maintaining the original canal anatomy and foramen size. Cleaning is achieved through instrumentation and irrigation, assessed by debris removal and smooth canal walls. Shaping provides a continuously tapering preparation from crown to apex. Working length is 1 mm from the radiographic apex. Techniques include step-back preparation from apex to crown in phases using increasingly larger instruments supplemented by irrigation and recapitulation.
An overview of the diagnostic process in endodontics, including information about the pain system, referred pain, non-odontogenic pain, the diagnostic process, tests and treatment planning in endodontics.
Endodontics deals with diseases of the dental pulp, which is made of loose connective tissue inside the root canals. The number of canals correlates to the number of tooth roots. The pulp provides nutrients, sensation, and forms secondary dentin for protection. Accessory canals can branch off from the main canal. Proper access cavity preparation is important to allow straight-line access to the canals and apical foramen. Irrigation serves to lubricate, dissolve pulp, wash out debris, and disinfect canals using solutions like sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. New technologies like EndoVac and EndoActivator improve irrigation.
This document discusses the cleaning and shaping of root canals. It defines cleaning as the removal of pathogenic contents from the root canal and shaping as creating a 3D tapered shape that is widest coronally and narrowest apically. The objectives of shaping are outlined as both mechanical and biological to remove debris without forcing it periapically and create sufficient space for obturation. Various techniques are described such as step-back, crown-down, and hybrid techniques. Considerations like instrument movements, irrigation methods, and the goals of apical enlargement are also covered.
Periodontal/Peri-implant Soft tissue phenotypeLE HAI TRIEU
油
2017 World Workshop defined the periodontal phenotype as the combination of the gingival phenotype, constituted by the keratinized tissue width and the gingival thickness, and the bone morphotype, that is, thickness of the alveolar bone plate.
12. HONG BAN
da湛t ma淡u 単o短 hay hong,
co湛 t鱈nh cha叩t vie但m va淡
bie叩n ma叩t khi 単e淡 e湛p.
Vie但m do nhie達m:
Vie但m do virus
Vie但m do vi na叩m
Vie但m do vi khua奪n
14. Hong ban: VIEM KHONG DO NHIEM
Vie但m do d嘆 旦湛ng.
Vie但m do cha叩n 岳鞄旦担稼乙
Vie但m do be辰nh t旦誰 mie達n
15. DAT MACH MAU:
hong hay 単o短 sa達m, bie叩n ma叩t khi 単e淡 e湛p
nh旦ng kho但ng co湛 t鱈nh cha叩t vie但m
Da湛t do gia探n mao ma誰ch, b旦担湛u 馨温湛u pha炭ng
81. TON THNG C BAN vu淡ng mie辰ng
Kho但ng go kho但ng lo探m Da湛t
Thay 単o奪i ma淡u Be辰t
GO 単a谷c San
Ma短ng
Ho淡n
B旦担湛u
GO ch旦湛a d嘆ch Mu誰n n旦担湛c
Mu誰n mu短
Bo湛ng n旦担湛c
Nang
LOM Ch担誰t Loe湛t