The document discusses the genitive case in Finnish. It notes that the ending of the singular genitive is -n. It is used to express possession like in English. The stem form without the -n ending is needed to form other cases in Finnish. It also discusses consonant changes that occur in different cases, like t becoming d, and provides examples like katu becoming kadun in the genitive case. It includes a table showing the main consonant changes that are integral to the Finnish language.
This presentation is to learn how to use the saxon genitive with family relations and possessive and also to learn about the difference with the structure "of".
The document discusses possessive pronouns in English. It provides examples of possessive constructions using the name Homer and his family to illustrate how to show possession. These include 'Homer's car', 'Homer's family', 'Homer's wife', and 'Homer's daughters, son, father, beer, and sofa'. It then asks the reader to complete sentences about Homer's family using possessive pronouns, such as 'Bart is Lisa's brother' and 'Lisa and Maggie are Homer and Marge's daughters'.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
Finnish has several distinctive features that make its language and pronunciation unique:
1) Gemination, where the first consonant of the following word is doubled if it begins with a vowel.
2) Long and short vowels that impact pronunciation and meaning.
3) Consonant gradation where consonants like K, P, and T change form depending on suffixes added.
4) A complex system of stems, suffixes, endings and cases that determine verbs, nouns and their relationships in sentences.
The document provides examples of spoken Finnish language used in various everyday situations and contexts. It includes common phrases, verbs, pronouns and questions used for introducing oneself, asking for and giving information, making requests, discussing present and past events, needs, activities, locations and travel plans. The document is intended to help learners practice and familiarize themselves with colloquial spoken Finnish.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet celebrated on Runeberg Day each February 5th by eating Runberg Cakes. The document provides a recipe for Runberg Cakes in Finnish, including instructions for making the dough, baking the muffins, and decorating them with raspberry jam and icing sugar. It notes that Runeberg apparently enjoyed these cakes, and that his wife Fredrika, herself a writer and pioneer for women in journalism, was originally known for baking the cakes that bear their name.
This document provides information about Finnish housing and living customs. It describes common house types like detached houses (omakotitalo), apartments of different sizes (yksio, kaksio, kolmio), and buildings with multiple apartments. It discusses housebuilding traditions like talkoot where neighbors help each other. It also covers housewarming party etiquette like bringing salt and bread as a gift and taking shoes off inside. Overall, the document aims to teach English learners vocabulary and expressions related to Finnish homes, invitations, and social interactions.
Finns enjoy reading, using libraries, and newspapers. They also enjoy social media, television, radio, and a variety of musical genres. Popular outdoor activities include ice hockey, baseball, skiing, cycling, and visiting saunas. Open-air dances are a part of Finnish culture where people gather to socialize and experience music and potential romance. Nature is an important part of Finnish life and culture.
This document provides vocabulary and phrases for talking about food and ordering in a restaurant in Finnish. It includes words for common foods, meals, drinks and dishes. Phrases are presented for having a conversation with a waiter at a restaurant where you can ask questions about the menu options and place an order. Specific foods that are highlighted include salmon, potato mash, mineral water, ice cream and coffee.
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This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
Finnish has several distinctive features that make its language and pronunciation unique:
1) Gemination, where the first consonant of the following word is doubled if it begins with a vowel.
2) Long and short vowels that impact pronunciation and meaning.
3) Consonant gradation where consonants like K, P, and T change form depending on suffixes added.
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Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet celebrated on Runeberg Day each February 5th by eating Runberg Cakes. The document provides a recipe for Runberg Cakes in Finnish, including instructions for making the dough, baking the muffins, and decorating them with raspberry jam and icing sugar. It notes that Runeberg apparently enjoyed these cakes, and that his wife Fredrika, herself a writer and pioneer for women in journalism, was originally known for baking the cakes that bear their name.
This document provides information about Finnish housing and living customs. It describes common house types like detached houses (omakotitalo), apartments of different sizes (yksio, kaksio, kolmio), and buildings with multiple apartments. It discusses housebuilding traditions like talkoot where neighbors help each other. It also covers housewarming party etiquette like bringing salt and bread as a gift and taking shoes off inside. Overall, the document aims to teach English learners vocabulary and expressions related to Finnish homes, invitations, and social interactions.
Finns enjoy reading, using libraries, and newspapers. They also enjoy social media, television, radio, and a variety of musical genres. Popular outdoor activities include ice hockey, baseball, skiing, cycling, and visiting saunas. Open-air dances are a part of Finnish culture where people gather to socialize and experience music and potential romance. Nature is an important part of Finnish life and culture.
This document provides vocabulary and phrases for talking about food and ordering in a restaurant in Finnish. It includes words for common foods, meals, drinks and dishes. Phrases are presented for having a conversation with a waiter at a restaurant where you can ask questions about the menu options and place an order. Specific foods that are highlighted include salmon, potato mash, mineral water, ice cream and coffee.
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2. SÄÄNTÖJÄ:
 1-tavuisten adjektiivien komparatiivi muodostetaan
yleensä lisäämällä -er ja superlatiivi lisäämällä -est,
esim..:
Perusmuo Komparatiivi Superlatiivi
to
Soft Softer The softest
Cheap Cheaper The cheapest
Sweet Sweeter The sweetest
Thin Thinner The thinnest
3. Oikeinkirjoitus:
 Jos 1-tavuinen adjektiivi loppuu yksittäiseen vokaaliin +
yksittäiseen konsonanttiin, konsonantti kahdentuu,
esim.: thin → thinner, big → biggest.
 Jos adjektiivi loppuu e :hen, e katoaa ennen –er/-est –
päätettä, esim.: wide → wider/widest.
 Jos adjektiivi päättyy konsonantti + y, y korvataan i:llä
päätettä –er/-est lisättäesssä, esim.: dry → drier/driest.
4. 2-tavuiset adjektiivit
 2-tavuiset –y –loppuiset adjektiivit muodostavat
komparatiivin lisäämällä -er –päätteen ja superlatiivit
lisäämällä –est –päätteen
 Huom! y -> ie
Perusmuoto Komparatiivi Superlatiivi
Lucky Luckier The luckiest
Pretty Prettier The prettiest
Tidy Tidier The tidiest
5. Muut 2-tavuiset
 2-tavuiset adjektiivit, jotka päättyvät -ed, -
ing, -ful, or -less muodostavat komparatiivin
more- ja superlatiivin the most -sanoilla,
esim.:
Perusmuoto Komparatiivi Superlatiivi
Worried More worried The most worried
Boring More boring The most boring
Careful More careful The most careful
Useless More useless The most useless
6. 3-tavuiset
 Adjektiivit, joissa on kolme tai useampia tavuja, muodostavat komparatiivin
ja superlatiivin sanoilla MORE ja THE MOST, esim.:
Adjektiivin perusmuoto Komparatiivi Superlatiivi
Dangerous More dangerous The most dangerous
Difficult More difficult The most difficult
Huom!
Adjektiivit, joissa on UN-etuliite:
unhappy – unhappier – the unhappiest/ the most unhappy
8. Komparatiivien käyttö
 Komparatiivimuotoa seuraa usein than ja
pronomini /pronomini /substantiivi, jota
verrataan aiempaan pronominiin/substantiiviin:
 John is taller than me.
 I think that she’s more intelligent than her
sister.
9. Vielä komparatiivin käytöstä:
 Komparatiivien yhteydessä käytetään usein ilmauksia:
as much, a lot, far, a bit/little, slightly etc., esim.:
You should go by train, it would be much cheaper.
Could you be a bit quieter?
I’m feeling a lot better.
Do you have one that’s slightly smaller?
 Kaksi komparatiivia saadaan kontrastiin lisäämällä the ennen komparatiivia, esim.:
The smaller the gift, the easier it is to send.
The more stressed you are, the worse it is for your health.
 Toistamalla komparatiivia voit osoittaa ominaisuuden ‘lisääntymistä’, e.g.:
 The sea was getting rougher and rougher.
 Her illness was becoming worse and worse.
 He became more and more tired as the days went by
10. Superlatiivin käyttö
 Superlatiivimuodot voivat, komparatiivien tavoin, sijoittua substantiivin eteen
(attribuuttina).
Ne voivat esiintyä myös BE-verbin jäljessä.
Esim.
 the most delicious fruit cake I’ve ever eaten
 Lisa was the youngest
 This hotel is the best
 Superlatiiveja käytetään usein yksinään (ks. kaksi viimeistä esimerkkiä yllä), jos on selvää,
mitä tai ketä vertaillaan.
 Jos haluat tarkemmin määritellä, mitä olet vertailemassa, voit tehdä sen
substantiivilla tai prepositorakenteella (in / of):
 Lisa was the youngest child
 Lisa was the youngest of the children
 This hotel is the best in town.
11. KOMPARATIIVI- JA SUPERLATIIVIMUOTOJEN
VASTAKOHTIA
 Käytämme muotoja less (more-komparatiivin
vastakohtana), ja the least (superlatiivin the most
vastakohtana).
Less = ‘vähemmän’, ‘ei niin’
 This sofa is less comfortable.
 I’ve always been less patient than my sister.
The least = ‘vähiten’
 It’s the least expensive way to travel.
 She was the least intelligent of the three sisters.
Ritva Tammi 2011