The partitive case partit
- 1. THE PARTITIVE CASE In Finnish RitvaTammi
- 2. WE USE THE PARTITIVE CASE NUMERON KANSSA WITH A NUMBER/FIGURE (HOW MANY?) kolme mies-t辰, kaksi peruna-a, nelj辰 nai-sta, kolme ulkomai-sta meloni-a But: yksi mies, yksi peruna, yksi nainen, yksi ulkomainen meloni ulkomainen (foreign) (adj.)
- 3. Partitive object MIK? MIT? WHAT MIK TM ON? MIT TM ON? (concrete countables) (uncountables, abstract) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MIK t辰m辰 on? MIT lasissa on? What is this? What is there in the glass? Se on lasi. Lasissa on vett辰. PARTITIVE It is a glass. There is water in the glass. MIK t辰m辰 on? MIT kupissa on? Se on kuppi. Kupissa on kahvia. PARTITIVE Juon vett辰. Juon kahvia. MILLAINEN lasi on? MILLAISTA vesi on? Lasi on puhdas. Vesi on puhdasta. PARTITIVE MILLAINEN pullo on? Pullo on kylm辰. MIT pullossa on? Pullossa on olutta. PARTITIVE WHAT is the glass LIKE? WHAT is the water LIKE? The glass is clean. The water is clean. WHAT is the bottle LIKE? The bottle is cold. WHATs in the bottle? There is beer in the bottle. puhdas = clean kylm辰 = cold vesi = water lasi = a glass pullo = a bottle olut = beer lasi vesi -> vett辰 kuppi kahvi -> kahvia
- 4. Personal pronouns + cases The Partitive Partitive: min辰 -> minu-a sin辰 -> sinu-a h辰n -> h辰n-t辰 me -> mei-t辰 te -> tei-t辰 he -> hei-t辰 Ket辰 sin辰 odotat? Who are you waiting for? Odotan h辰nt辰/ Pekka-a. Im waiting for him /Pekka. Rakastatko minua? Do you love me? Kyll辰, rakastan sinua. Yes, I do.
- 5. Mik辰 or mit辰? These two question words are often mixed. They both mean what. Mik辰 is the basic form, mit辰 is is the partitive form. Mik辰 is used when you assume that the answer is something countable. Mik辰 t辰m辰 on? Omena. - What is this? An apple. Mik辰 sun osoite on? - What's your address? Mik辰 sun kysymys oli? - What was your question? Use mit辰 when you are asking about an uncountable food item, liquidetc. Mit辰 t辰m辰 on? - What is this? Mehu-a. Some juice. Mit辰 sy旦t? -What are you eating? Omena-a. - Some apple/a slice of an apple.
- 6. KUINKA PALJON MINULLA ONTUOLLA ON - WITH A WORD EXPRESSING QUANTITY I HAVETHERE IS pari kuha-a pala purjo-a kilo liha-a nippu basilika-a litra mehu-a lasi valkoviini-辰 kuha =pike perch purjo = leek liha = meat basilika = basil mehu = juice valkoviini = white wine pari = a couple pala = a piece, a bit kilo = one kilogramme nippu = a bunch litra = one litre lasi = a glass of what How much
- 7. JUODA/SYD/OSTAA + PARTITIIVI -DRINK/EAT /BUY+ PARTITIVE (USUALLY) Juon vet-t辰, valkoviini-辰, kahvi-a, tee-t辰, olut-ta. Sy旦n kala-a, kakku-a, liha-a, j辰辰tel旦-辰, leip辰-辰, voi-ta. Ostan salaatti-a, tomaatti-a, kurkku-a ja kana-a. vesi = water valkoviini = white wine kahvi = coffee tee = tea olut = beer kala = fish kakku = cake liha = meat j辰辰tel旦 = ice-cream leip辰 = bread voi = butter salaatti = lettuce tomaatti = tomato cucumber = kurkku kana = chicken
- 8. KUN ET TIED TARKKAA MR EXPRESSING A LITTLE, A FEW ,SOME Saanko suola-a? - Can I have (some) salt? Lasissa on mehu-a. - In the glass, there is (some) juice. Lattialla on roski-a. On the floor, there is (some) rubbish. Me ostamme tarvikkei-ta. We(ll) buy (some) appliances. suola roskat mehu tarvikkeet suola mehu roskat (plural) tarvikkeet (plural)
- 9. KUN LAUSE ON NEGATIIVINEN IN NEGATIVE STATEMENTS H辰nell辰 ei ole auto-a. She has no car. Asunnossamme ei ole iso-a parveke-tta. In our apartment, there is no big balcony. Sin辰 et sy旦 pasta-a. You dont eat pasta. Me emme osta mehu-a. We dont buy (any) juice. auto = a car parveke = a balcony pasta = pasta mehu = juice Positive: on auto, on iso parveke sy旦t pastaa, ostamme mehua (some)
- 10. KUN TOIVOTETAAN JA TERVEHDITN WITH GREETINGS Hyv辰-辰 huomen-ta. Good morning! Huomen-ta. Hyv辰辰 jatkoa. All the best. Hyv辰-辰 p辰iv辰-辰. Good day. P辰iv辰-辰. Ilta-a. Good evening. Hyv辰-辰 y旦-t辰. Good night. Tervetulo-a. Welcome!
- 11. 1. Use 1.1. After numbers (not after yksi!) Noun Partitive Translation kuppi kaksi kuppia two cups olut kolme olutta three beers nainen nelj辰 naista four women ________________________________________ 1.2. After words that express measurement Noun Partitive Translation kahvi kuppi kahvia a cup of coffee banaani monta banaania many bananas kilo puoli kiloa half a kilo ________________________________________
- 12. 1.3. When you could use "some" in English Noun Partitive Translation kahvi Juon kahvia. I drink (some) coffee. banaani Ostan banaania. I buy (some) bananas. makkara Sy旦n makkaraa I eat (some) sausage. ________________________________________ 1.4. With certain verbs Verb Sentence Translation rakastaa Min辰 rakastan sinua. I love you. odottaa Sin辰 odotat bussia. You wait for the bus. pelata Te pelaatte tennist辰. You play tennis. ajaa Sin辰 ajat autoa. Youre driving a car. opiskella Sin辰 opiskelet suomea. You study Finnish. auttaa Me autamme h辰nt辰 We help her. ________________________________________
- 13. 1.5. With prepositions Verb Sentence Translation m辰ki ennen m辰ke辰 before the hill takki ilman takkia without a coat ________________________________________ 1.6. With negative statements Finnish English Talossa ei ole yht辰辰n kirjaa. There isn't a (single) book in the house. En n辰hnyt h辰nt辰. I didn't see her. Minulla ei ole autoa. I don't have a car. ________________________________________
- 14. 1.7. With things you wish to people e.g. greetings Finnish English Hyv辰辰 huomenta! Good morning! Tervetuloa! Welcome! Hyv辰辰 jatkoa! Have a nice day! ________________________________________ 1.8. Resultive versus irresultive phrases Finnish English Min辰 luen kirjaa. I am reading a book. Min辰 luen kirjan. I will read a book. Min辰 luin kirjaa. I was reading a book. Min辰 luin kirjan. I read a book. Irresultative means that the action is incomplete, versus resultative which is complete. When an activity is currently taking place, you put the object in the partitive, because you can't be sure that the action will ever finish. ________________________________________ kirjaa kirjan
- 15. 2. Formation 2.1 Words ending in a single vowel (-a/-辰, -u/-y, -o/-旦): add -a/-辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. kala kalaa homma hommaa kyn辰 kyn辰辰 s辰nky s辰nky辰 helppo helppoa p辰辰ryn辰 p辰辰ryn辰辰 sein辰 sein辰辰 loma lomaa s旦p旦 s旦p旦辰 ________________________________________ 2.2 Words ending in 2 vowels or 1 consonant: add -ta/-t辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. mies miest辰 hius hiusta askel askelta maa maata elokuu elokuuta sampoo sampoota syy syyt辰 keskus keskusta rikas rikasta ________________________________________
- 16. 2.3. Words ending in -e: add -tta/-tt辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. huone huonetta perhe perhett辰 kappale kappaletta kirje kirjett辰 lentokone lentokonetta taide taidetta parveke parveketta koe koetta aste astetta This doesn't count for names: (Ville -> Ville辰) nor for "kolme" (kolmea), "itse" (itse辰), "nalle" (nallea) and "nukke" (nukkea). ________________________________________ 2.4. Words ending in -nen: remove the -nen and add -sta/-st辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. nainen naista hevonen hevosta suomalainen suomalaista eteinen eteist辰 iloinen iloista ihminen ihmist辰 sininen sinist辰 toinen toista tavallinen tavallista ________________________________________
- 17. 2.5. Words ending in i 2.5.1. New words ending in -i: add -a/-辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. banaani banaania paperi paperia kahvi kahvia pankki pankkia posti postia maali maalia tili tili辰 adverbi adverbia dollari dollaria New words are words that haven't been around for ages. They can be loan words, like "pankki" for "bank", or "paperi" for "paper". ________________________________________ 2.5.2. Old words ending in -i: remove -i- and add-ea/-e辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. suomi suomea ovi ovea j辰rvi j辰rve辰 kivi kive辰 lahti lahtea nimi nime辰 sormi sormea lehti lehte辰 pilvi pilve辰 Old words are often nature words, for which Finns have had names for a very long time. ________________________________________
- 18. 2.5.3. Words ending in -si: remove -si- and add -tta/-tt辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. uusi uutta vuosi vuotta k辰si k辰tt辰 kuukausi kuukautta vesi vett辰 reisi reitt辰 k旦ysi k旦ytt辰 kynsi kyntt辰 l辰nsi l辰ntt辰 ________________________________________ 2.5.4. Words ending in -li, -ni or -ri: remove -i- and add-ta/-t辰 Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. pieni pient辰 suuri suurta kieli kielt辰 meri merta nuori nuorta tuli tulta sieni sient辰 hiiri hiirt辰 uni unta The rule that this only counts for -li, -ni and -ri words isn't foolproof. "Lohi" for example is a word of this group, as it becomes "lohta" in the partitive. ________________________________________
- 19. 2.6. Pronouns Nom. Part. Nom. Part. Nom. Part. min辰 minua sin辰 sinua h辰n h辰nt辰 me meit辰 te teit辰 he heit辰 se sit辰 jokin jotakin t辰m辰 t辰t辰 ne niit辰 tuo tuota mik辰 mit辰 What is the Partitive form of 1. Kala 2. Voi 3. Televisio 4. Parveke 5. Sein辰 6. Mies 7. Sampoo 8. Kahvi 9. Tietokone 10. Olut lapsi a child lasta vuosi a year vuotta kuukausi a month kuukautta vesi water vett辰 uusi new uutta kieli language kielt辰 suuri big suurta pieni small pient辰