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3 Three Laws of motion - SCIENCE GRADE 8
- 2. Sir Isaac Newton contributed signi鍖cantly to the 鍖eld of science over his lifetime. He invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics. But his most signi鍖cant work had to do with forces, and speci鍖cally with the development of a universal law of gravity. SIR ISAAC NEWTON (4 Jan, 1643 31 Mar,1727)
- 3. The popular myth tells of an apple falling from a tree in his garden, which brought Newton to an understanding of forces, particularly gravity. Whether the incident actually happened is unknown, but historians doubt the event if it ocurred was the driving force in Newtons thought process. His most famous work came with the publication of his "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), generally called Principia. In it, he determined the three laws of motion for the universe.
- 14. Examples of First Law of Motion If you slide a hockey puck on ice, eventually it will stop, because of friction on the ice. It will also stop if it hits something, like a players stick or a goalpost. If you kicked a ball in space, it would keep going forever, because there is no gravity, friction or air resistance going against it. It will only stop going in one direction if it hits something like a meteorite or reaches the gravity field of another planet. If you are driving in your car at a very high speed and hit something, like a brick wall or a tree, the car will come to an instant stop, but you will keep moving forward. This is why cars have airbags, to protect you from smashing into the windscreen.
- 15. Examples of Second Law of Motion If you use the same force to push a truck and push a car, the car will have more acceleration than the truck, because the car has less mass. It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one, because the full shopping cart has more mass than the empty one. This means that more force is required to push the full shopping cart.
- 16. Examples of Third Law of Motion When you jump off a small rowing boat into water, you will push yourself forward towards the water. The same force you used to push forward will make the boat move backwards. When air rushes out of a balloon, the opposite reaction is that the balloon flies up. When you dive off of a diving board, you push down on the springboard. The board springs back and forces you into the air.
- 17. BOARD WORK 1. Allan has a mass of 70 kg. If Allan is pushed with a force of 100 N, what is the acceleration?
- 18. BOARD WORK Alexa pushes a cart with the force of 50 N and acceleration of 10 m/s2, what is the mass of the cart?
- 19. BOARD WORK Mika pushes a box of milk with a 20-kg mass. How much force does she use if the box is to accelerate 10 m/s2?
- 20. SEATWORK Answer the following problems. Show your solution with correct operation and units. NO NEED TO COPY.
- 21. 1. A man has a mass of 60 kg. If the man is pushed with a force of 80 N, what is the acceleration? 2. Suppose Anna pushes a box of chocolates with a 15-kg mass. How much force does she use if the box is to accelerate 5 m/s2? 3. Mark pushes a container with the force of 30 N and acceleration of 5 m/s2, what is the mass of the container?