Modals are auxiliary verbs that function as building blocks in different verb constructions. Their position in the sentence indicates whether it is a question or statement. There are two types of modals: non-inflecting (modal) verbs that only occur with main verbs, such as can, may, must. Be, have, and do inflect for person and tense and can also function as main verbs. Modals have limited forms compared to be and have. Common paraphrases are used when modals are missing forms, such as "be able to" for can and may, "have to" for must. Modals can have multiple meanings depending on context.
The document discusses the imperfect tense in Finnish. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect tense and how to form wh- and yes/no questions in the imperfect. It includes exercises to practice conjugating common verbs in the imperfect tense and examples of expressions used to indicate past time frames.
Tässä esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen päälauseen suora ja käänteinen sanajärjestys. Esitys on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014. Esitykseen liittyy myös videotallenne, jonka avulla voi helpommin itsenäisesti kerrata power pointin asioita.
Tässä esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen adjektiivit. Esitys on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014. Esitykseen liittyy myös varsinaisella kurssilla videotallenne, jonka avulla voi helpommin itsenäisesti kerrata power pointin asioita.
Tässä power point -esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen persoonapronomineja ja niiden käyttöä. Power point on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää Ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014 ja siihen liittyy myös opetusvideo varsinaisella kurssilla, jonka avulla voi itsenäisesti helpommin harjoitella ja kerrata eri pronominien käyttöä.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
The document discusses the imperfect tense in Finnish. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect tense and how to form wh- and yes/no questions in the imperfect. It includes exercises to practice conjugating common verbs in the imperfect tense and examples of expressions used to indicate past time frames.
Tässä esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen päälauseen suora ja käänteinen sanajärjestys. Esitys on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014. Esitykseen liittyy myös videotallenne, jonka avulla voi helpommin itsenäisesti kerrata power pointin asioita.
Tässä esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen adjektiivit. Esitys on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014. Esitykseen liittyy myös varsinaisella kurssilla videotallenne, jonka avulla voi helpommin itsenäisesti kerrata power pointin asioita.
Tässä power point -esityksessä kerrataan ruotsin kielen persoonapronomineja ja niiden käyttöä. Power point on tehty osaksi lukion verkko-opetusta ja tarinana etenevää Ruotsin kielen tukikurssia Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulussa vuonna 2014 ja siihen liittyy myös opetusvideo varsinaisella kurssilla, jonka avulla voi itsenäisesti helpommin harjoitella ja kerrata eri pronominien käyttöä.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
Finnish has several distinctive features that make its language and pronunciation unique:
1) Gemination, where the first consonant of the following word is doubled if it begins with a vowel.
2) Long and short vowels that impact pronunciation and meaning.
3) Consonant gradation where consonants like K, P, and T change form depending on suffixes added.
4) A complex system of stems, suffixes, endings and cases that determine verbs, nouns and their relationships in sentences.
The document provides examples of spoken Finnish language used in various everyday situations and contexts. It includes common phrases, verbs, pronouns and questions used for introducing oneself, asking for and giving information, making requests, discussing present and past events, needs, activities, locations and travel plans. The document is intended to help learners practice and familiarize themselves with colloquial spoken Finnish.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet celebrated on Runeberg Day each February 5th by eating Runberg Cakes. The document provides a recipe for Runberg Cakes in Finnish, including instructions for making the dough, baking the muffins, and decorating them with raspberry jam and icing sugar. It notes that Runeberg apparently enjoyed these cakes, and that his wife Fredrika, herself a writer and pioneer for women in journalism, was originally known for baking the cakes that bear their name.
This document provides information about Finnish housing and living customs. It describes common house types like detached houses (omakotitalo), apartments of different sizes (yksio, kaksio, kolmio), and buildings with multiple apartments. It discusses housebuilding traditions like talkoot where neighbors help each other. It also covers housewarming party etiquette like bringing salt and bread as a gift and taking shoes off inside. Overall, the document aims to teach English learners vocabulary and expressions related to Finnish homes, invitations, and social interactions.
The document discusses the genitive case in Finnish. It notes that the ending of the singular genitive is -n. It is used to express possession like in English. The stem form without the -n ending is needed to form other cases in Finnish. It also discusses consonant changes that occur in different cases, like t becoming d, and provides examples like katu becoming kadun in the genitive case. It includes a table showing the main consonant changes that are integral to the Finnish language.
Finns enjoy reading, using libraries, and newspapers. They also enjoy social media, television, radio, and a variety of musical genres. Popular outdoor activities include ice hockey, baseball, skiing, cycling, and visiting saunas. Open-air dances are a part of Finnish culture where people gather to socialize and experience music and potential romance. Nature is an important part of Finnish life and culture.
This document provides vocabulary and phrases for talking about food and ordering in a restaurant in Finnish. It includes words for common foods, meals, drinks and dishes. Phrases are presented for having a conversation with a waiter at a restaurant where you can ask questions about the menu options and place an order. Specific foods that are highlighted include salmon, potato mash, mineral water, ice cream and coffee.
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Grammar_ englannin aikamuodot
1. RITVA TAMMI 2009
Grammar: Aikamuodot
PREESENS – nykyajan aikamuoto
2. YLEISPREESENS
 Kerrot, mitä joku TEKEE tai mitä TAPAHTUU
ï‚¢ Muodostus:
 VÄITE-/TOTEAMUSLAUSE KIELTO KYSYMYS
 I/you/we/they look nice …don’t look.... Do…look nice?
 He/she/it travels a lot …doesn’t travel… Does…travel…?
 Huomaa ’he’/’she’/’it’ –tekijän muodot!
 Sääilmiöt: tekijäksi ’it’:
 It rains in Finland in October. It doesn’t rain so often in July.
ï‚¢ Kellonajat:
 It’s five o’clock.
•
3. YLEISPREESENSILLÄ ILMAISTAAN:
 Asioita, jotka tapahtuvat YLEENSÄ, SÄÄNNÖLLISESTI ja ovat
varsin PYSYVIÄ
ï‚— Birds fly south every autumn
ï‚— He goes to work by train
Lauseessa on usein joku toistuvuutta ilmaiseva sana:
always, often, usually, every day…
 Voit ilmaista TAITOA tai KYKYÄ
ï‚— Allison knows some Italian
ï‚¢ TUNNETTA (love, hate, like)
ï‚— Pat and Judith love each other very much.
4. KESTOPREESENS
ï‚¢ I am driving too fast.
 I am not driving too fast. I’m not driving…
ï‚¢ Am I driving too fast?
Muodostus:
 Olla-verbi + -ing pääverbiin
KESTOPREESENSILLÄ VOIT
 kuvailla tapahtumia, jotka tapahtuvat puhehetkellä, ’ juuri nyt’ tai kestävät rajoitetun
ajan
 I’m having a bath
 kertoa lähitulevaisuuteen sovitusta tapahtumasta, ’kalenteritapahtumasta’:
I’m seeing my dentist on Thursday.
- Vastaa suomen kielen verbimuotoja ’seisoskella’, ’kirjoitella’
ï‚¢ Some girls are standing on the street corner.
ï‚¢ Ei aistihavainto-, tunne-, luulemis-, tahto-, omistamis- tai
ymmärtämisverbien kanssa! (e.g. see; love; thik; want; own; understand)
sorry, 'THINK':)
5. IMPERFEKTI ELI MENNEEN AJAN AIKAMUOTO
 Kerrot, mitä joku TEKI tai mitä TAPAHTUI
Muodostus:
 VÄITE/TOTEAMUSLAUSE KIELTO KYSYMYS
I/you arrived in time didn’t arrive Did…arrive…?
He/she/it went home didn’t go Did …go?
We/they made a mistake didn’t make Did…make?
 Huomaa, että imperfektissä ’he’/’she’/’it’ –tekijän kanssa ei tule omaa muotoa
(vrt. yleispreesens –s –pääte)
 Kuvailet tapahtumia, jotka alkoivat ja loppuivat menneisyydessä
 Usein menneisyyteen viittaava ajanilmaus: last week, in 2007…
 Säännöllisten verbien imperfekti –ed –päätteellä
 Epäsäännöllisistä verbeistä teeman 2.muotoa: go, went, gone
 Ääntäminen: -ed: asked:/-t/; played:/-d/, needed: /-id/
6. KESTOIMPERFEKTI
 Was/were –ing Be-verbin imperfekti + pääverbi –ing -muodossa
 I/she/he/it was…-ing, we/you/they were…-ing
 Mitä joku oli tekemässä tietyllä hetkellä
ï‚¢ Haluat kuvailla tilanteen taustaa
 Haluat kuvailla keskeneräistä toimintaa
ï‚¢ The rain started when we were picking lingonberries.
---------------------------------------------------X----------------------------------------
7. PERFEKTI
 Mitä joku ON TEHNYT tai mitä ON TAPAHTUNUT
ï‚¢ Muodostus:
ï‚— Have/has + verbin teeman 3.muoto
 I have seen you before. ’olen nähnyt’
 She hasn’t visited him often. ’ei ollut vieraillut’
 Have you bought the tickets? ’oletko ostanut?’
 Kuvailet toimintaa, joka alkoi menneisyydessä eikä ole vielä
päättynyt/vaikuttaa yhä
ï‚¢ We have lived in this town since 1998.
ï‚¢ My friend has never been to the USA.
ï‚¢ I have bought a new LCD-TV.
ï‚— Huomaa ero:
 I lived in Italy for 10 years. …but nowadays I live somewhere else!
ï‚¢ I have lived in Italy for 10 years. ---and still do!
8. KESTOPERFEKTI
 Have/has been –ing
 I have been packing all morning ’olen pakkaillut…’
 She has been packing… ’hän on pakkaillut…’
 Korostaa tapahtuman kestoa ja pitkäaikaisuutta
 Usein ajanmääre:
ï‚— For hours, all week, since yesterday
9. PLUSKVAMPERFEKTI
Muodostus:
ï‚— Had + verbin teeman 3.muoto
 I had walked ten miles. ’olin kävellyt’
 She hadn’t even started. ’ei ollut edes aloittanut’
 Had we won a prize? ’olimmeko voittaneet?’
10. FUTUURI TULEVA AIKA
ï‚¢ Kerrot tulevista tapahtumista
ï‚¢ How are you going to spend your summer holiday?
ï‚¢ We will have dinner when everybody is at home.
ï‚¢ Shall I drive you there? EHDOTUS
ï‚¢ John is meeting his friend on Tuesday.
ï‚¢ WILL- futuurilla
ï‚— ennustat tai toteat jotain
 päätät puhehetkellä tulevasta tekemisestä
ï‚¢ BE GOING TO + perusmuoto
 mitä joku aikoo tehdä
 mitä ilmeisesti tapahtuu
ï‚¢ KESTOPREESENS
 ’kalenteritapahtuma’ lähitulevaisuudessa
ï‚¢ YLEISPREESENS
ï‚— kerrot aikataulun tai ohjelman mukaisia (tulevia) tapahtumia