Coronary bifurcation lesions, which occur in 15-20% of PCI cases, are challenging to treat and are associated with increased risk of adverse events. It is important to optimize the bifurcation stenting strategy. Provisional stenting of the main vessel with optional treatment of the side branch is generally the preferred approach and results in similar outcomes as more complex two-stent strategies while reducing procedure time and resource use. Dedicated stenting of both branches may be considered for large side branches with significant disease extending more than 5mm into the branch. Kissing balloon inflations after main vessel stenting are not routinely needed but can be used if the side branch has greater than 75% stenosis or reduced flow after main
This document discusses various techniques for stenting coronary artery bifurcation lesions. It begins by introducing bifurcation lesions as one of the most complex lesions to treat. It then describes several classifications for bifurcation lesions, including the Medina and Movahed classifications. The document focuses on describing the key techniques for stenting bifurcations, including one-stent techniques (OST, SBT), kissing stent technique (KST), T-stent technique (TST), crush stent technique (CRT), and cullotte stent technique (CUT). It provides details on the technique, advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate lesions for each approach.
A 50-year-old man with no comorbidities requires aortic valve replacement. Either a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve could be used. A mechanical valve would require lifelong anticoagulation therapy. It would have a low risk of structural deterioration but higher risks of bleeding, thromboembolism, and reoperation. A bioprosthetic valve would avoid anticoagulation but have a higher risk of structural deterioration requiring reoperation. Long-term outcomes must be considered based on the patient's age, lifestyle, and risk tolerance for anticoagulation versus structural failure.
This document discusses different techniques for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions. It begins by defining a bifurcation lesion and classifying them using the Medina classification system. It then describes commonly used PCI strategies such as provisional stenting, crush, culotte, T stenting, and kissing stents. Several studies comparing outcomes of single versus two stent techniques and crush versus culotte are summarized. The document concludes by emphasizing keeping PCI procedures for bifurcation lesions safe, simple and swift.
This document provides an overview of in-stent restenosis. It defines in-stent restenosis as the narrowing of a vessel segment at the site of a previously placed stent due to neointimal proliferation. The incidence of in-stent restenosis ranges from 3-20% with drug-eluting stents and 16-44% with bare-metal stents. Predictors of in-stent restenosis include patient characteristics like diabetes, lesion characteristics like length and diameter, and procedural characteristics like incomplete stent expansion. The document discusses the etiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and treatment options for in-stent restenosis.
Chordal preservation in mitral valve replacementDrvasanthi
油
Chordal preservation in mitral valve replacement aims to maintain left ventricular function by preserving the continuity between the mitral annulus and the ventricular wall. Several techniques have been developed to preserve either the posterior or both anterior and posterior leaflets. Complete chordal preservation is advantageous as it best maintains left ventricular geometry and function, reducing mortality and improving survival outcomes compared to partial or no preservation. The appropriate surgical technique can allow for implantation of adequately sized prostheses while avoiding complications such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
1. Prosthetic valve obstruction can be life-threatening, with morbidity and mortality rates ranging from 0.1-6% per patient year depending on the valve type and position.
2. Thrombus, pannus, and vegetation are common causes of prosthetic valve obstruction. Predictors include valve type, anticoagulation status, valve position, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular dysfunction.
3. Treatment depends on the location and size of obstruction, functional status, and surgical risk. For left-sided obstruction, surgery is generally preferred but thrombolysis may be considered for lower risk patients with smaller thrombi.
- Drug-eluting stents significantly reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents, but in-stent restenosis still occurs in 5-10% of cases.
- Restenosis can be focal or diffuse and is classified based on its severity and treatment approach. Higher grades of restenosis are associated with poorer outcomes.
- Factors contributing to in-stent restenosis include patient and lesion characteristics, stent design and materials, drug effects, inflammation, neoatherosclerosis, low wall shear stress areas, and potential thrombus formation.
- Earlier and more rapid neoatherosclerosis may occur inside drug-eluting stents compared to bare-metal stents,
InStent Resetenosis: An Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis and TreatmentNAJEEB ULLAH SOFI
油
BMS were developed to mitigate elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but they remain prone to NIH. DES were developed to prevent NIH, and these devices (especially first-generation DES) can be accompanied by delayed reendothelialization, which has been associated with stent thrombosis.
Even in the contemporary era of percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents, ISR remains a common problem, occurring in 5% to 20% of cases, depending on several patient and lesion characteristics.
The cumulative rates of DES failure have created a major clinical problem so that > 10% of all PCIs done in the United States are to treat ISR, and the number of ISR interventions appears to be increasing year over year
This document discusses strategies for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of coronary bifurcation lesions. It notes that bifurcation lesions account for 15-20% of PCIs and are complex, with risks of stent thrombosis and restenosis. The key steps discussed are:
1) Understanding the bifurcation anatomy through assessments like vessel diameters and angles.
2) Assessing the importance of the side branch based on factors like diameter and myocardial territory.
3) Wiring both the main and side branches to facilitate stenting and reduce the risk of side branch occlusion.
4) Predilating the main branch before stenting to size vessels and plan stent placement.
This document discusses the differences between CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) and PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) for treating multivessel coronary artery disease. It notes that both procedures are established treatments, but that factors like mortality benefit, quality of life improvements, costs, and long-term effects need to be considered. The concept of "functional angioplasty" and using FFR (fractional flow reserve) to accurately evaluate clinical ischemia in the catheterization lab are introduced as ways to optimize outcomes from PCI. Several studies comparing outcomes of FFR-guided versus angiography-guided PCI are summarized. The document also discusses unfavorable aspects of CABG like invasiveness and long-term graft failure
Vulnerable plaque refers to dangerous forms of atherosclerotic plaques that can rupture or induce thrombosis, disrupting blood flow. The document discusses the history and research around vulnerable plaque, including pioneers in the field and emerging techniques to detect vulnerable plaque such as intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. It summarizes that vulnerable plaques are typically characterized by a thin fibrous cap, large lipid core, and presence of macrophages.
1) FFR measurement requires careful preparation of guidewires, catheters and pressure monitoring equipment as well as standardized hyperemic stimulation, typically with intravenous adenosine. 2) Potential pitfalls include inadequate equalization of pressures, placement of pressure or thermodilution sensors too close to lesions, distortion of pressure readings from excessive wire whip or angulation, and drift over time necessitating re-zeroing of pressures. 3) Pullback tracings can reveal focal or diffuse lesions and hyperemic responses should be assessed both within and outside of lesions.
Treatment of in-stent restenosis remains challenging. Drug-eluting stents have significantly reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents but treating drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis is particularly difficult. Intracoronary imaging can provide insights into underlying causes of in-stent restenosis and guide repeated interventions. Current treatment strategies include balloon angioplasty, cutting/scoring balloons, debulking techniques, brachytherapy, and repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents. However, outcomes remain poorer for drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis compared to bare-metal stent restenosis.
This document discusses trans-septal puncture, which involves puncturing the septum between the right and left atria to access the left side of the heart. It outlines the evolving indications for trans-septal puncture including interventions for mitral valve disease, closure of defects, left atrial procedures, and arrhythmia ablation. The key steps are reviewed - having the proper anatomical landmarks, hardware including sheaths and needles, and imaging guidance. Complications are discussed and how to successfully perform the puncture is summarized as being familiar with the anatomy, hardware, and vigilance for potential complications.
This document summarizes the evolution of cardiomyopathy classification over 50 years, from 1956 to the present. Early classifications in the 1950s-1970s were based on pathology and described broad categories like myocarditis, myocardiosis, and dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive cardiomyopathies. In the 1980s, genetic causes were recognized. Later classifications in the 1990s-2000s incorporated genetic testing results and distinguished primary from secondary cardiomyopathies. The current 2013 classification system from the World Heart Federation is based on a morphology-function-genetics-etiology-status approach to provide a standardized nomenclature incorporating both phenotype and genotype.
1) Bifurcation stenting approaches are based on the angiographic configuration of lesions in the main and side branches. Significant disease (>50% stenosis) in the side branch ostium increases the risk of side branch closure and restenosis.
2) The default approach is one-stent with provisional side branch treatment. Two-stent techniques are used if the side branch has significant disease and high closure risk features.
3) Techniques like crush, culotte, and T-stenting aim to provide full coverage of both branches, but have limitations and risks. Physiologic assessment with IVUS and FFR can help decide if jailed side branches require intervention.
Valutazione ecocardiografica del meccanismo e della severit dell'insufficienza valvolare aortica. Dr.ssa Rita Conti - Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital - Maggio 2009
Anomalous coronary arteries: Challenges in Access and InterventionGhazi Muheeb
油
This is a ppt i presented during my residency at GB Pant hospital, 2019-2022. I have included many angiogram videos but unfortunately they are not playable on slideshare. I hope this will cardio residents and consultants during their day to day practice.
Dr. Ghazi Muheeb
Senior resident (DM),
GB Pant Hospital and MAMC, New Delhi.
1. Complete chordal preservation during mitral valve surgery aims to preserve left ventricular function and geometry by maintaining the continuity between the mitral annulus and left ventricular wall.
2. Early studies found benefits to chordal preservation such as improved cardiac output, exercise capacity, and survival rates.
3. Various surgical techniques have been developed to allow for implantation of an adequate sized prosthesis while preventing complications like left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Six angiographic indicators of large thrombus burden by
Yip and colleagues,depending upon the angiographic morphology are
features indicated high-burden thrombus formation:
1. A cut-off pattern of occlusion
2. Accumulated thrombus proximal to the occlusion
3. A reference lumen diameter of the IRA of >4.0 mm
4. An incomplete obstruction with an angiographic thrombus with
the greatest linear dimension more than 3 times the reference
lumen diameter
5. The presence of floating thrombus proximal to the lesion
6. A persistent dye stasis distal to the occlusion
Dr. Sudip Dutta Baruah presented on various types of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs). The basic defect is absence of the AV septum. There are several classifications including partial AVSD where the left AV valve leaflets attach to the ventricular septum with no interventricular communication, and complete AVSD where the leaflets are separate with a large interventricular communication. The morphology involves deficiencies of the atrial and ventricular septum as well as abnormal AV valves and varying degrees of communications between the atria and ventricles.
Bifurcation stenting is challenge for intervention cardiologist, understanding of lesion, strategy for stenting, imaging has very important for success.
1. Prosthetic valve obstruction can be life-threatening, with morbidity and mortality rates ranging from 0.1-6% per patient year depending on the valve type and position.
2. Thrombus, pannus, and vegetation are common causes of prosthetic valve obstruction. Predictors include valve type, anticoagulation status, valve position, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular dysfunction.
3. Treatment depends on the location and size of obstruction, functional status, and surgical risk. For left-sided obstruction, surgery is generally preferred but thrombolysis may be considered for lower risk patients with smaller thrombi.
- Drug-eluting stents significantly reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents, but in-stent restenosis still occurs in 5-10% of cases.
- Restenosis can be focal or diffuse and is classified based on its severity and treatment approach. Higher grades of restenosis are associated with poorer outcomes.
- Factors contributing to in-stent restenosis include patient and lesion characteristics, stent design and materials, drug effects, inflammation, neoatherosclerosis, low wall shear stress areas, and potential thrombus formation.
- Earlier and more rapid neoatherosclerosis may occur inside drug-eluting stents compared to bare-metal stents,
InStent Resetenosis: An Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis and TreatmentNAJEEB ULLAH SOFI
油
BMS were developed to mitigate elastic recoil and negative remodeling, but they remain prone to NIH. DES were developed to prevent NIH, and these devices (especially first-generation DES) can be accompanied by delayed reendothelialization, which has been associated with stent thrombosis.
Even in the contemporary era of percutaneous coronary intervention using drug-eluting stents, ISR remains a common problem, occurring in 5% to 20% of cases, depending on several patient and lesion characteristics.
The cumulative rates of DES failure have created a major clinical problem so that > 10% of all PCIs done in the United States are to treat ISR, and the number of ISR interventions appears to be increasing year over year
This document discusses strategies for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of coronary bifurcation lesions. It notes that bifurcation lesions account for 15-20% of PCIs and are complex, with risks of stent thrombosis and restenosis. The key steps discussed are:
1) Understanding the bifurcation anatomy through assessments like vessel diameters and angles.
2) Assessing the importance of the side branch based on factors like diameter and myocardial territory.
3) Wiring both the main and side branches to facilitate stenting and reduce the risk of side branch occlusion.
4) Predilating the main branch before stenting to size vessels and plan stent placement.
This document discusses the differences between CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) and PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) for treating multivessel coronary artery disease. It notes that both procedures are established treatments, but that factors like mortality benefit, quality of life improvements, costs, and long-term effects need to be considered. The concept of "functional angioplasty" and using FFR (fractional flow reserve) to accurately evaluate clinical ischemia in the catheterization lab are introduced as ways to optimize outcomes from PCI. Several studies comparing outcomes of FFR-guided versus angiography-guided PCI are summarized. The document also discusses unfavorable aspects of CABG like invasiveness and long-term graft failure
Vulnerable plaque refers to dangerous forms of atherosclerotic plaques that can rupture or induce thrombosis, disrupting blood flow. The document discusses the history and research around vulnerable plaque, including pioneers in the field and emerging techniques to detect vulnerable plaque such as intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. It summarizes that vulnerable plaques are typically characterized by a thin fibrous cap, large lipid core, and presence of macrophages.
1) FFR measurement requires careful preparation of guidewires, catheters and pressure monitoring equipment as well as standardized hyperemic stimulation, typically with intravenous adenosine. 2) Potential pitfalls include inadequate equalization of pressures, placement of pressure or thermodilution sensors too close to lesions, distortion of pressure readings from excessive wire whip or angulation, and drift over time necessitating re-zeroing of pressures. 3) Pullback tracings can reveal focal or diffuse lesions and hyperemic responses should be assessed both within and outside of lesions.
Treatment of in-stent restenosis remains challenging. Drug-eluting stents have significantly reduced restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents but treating drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis is particularly difficult. Intracoronary imaging can provide insights into underlying causes of in-stent restenosis and guide repeated interventions. Current treatment strategies include balloon angioplasty, cutting/scoring balloons, debulking techniques, brachytherapy, and repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents. However, outcomes remain poorer for drug-eluting stent in-stent restenosis compared to bare-metal stent restenosis.
This document discusses trans-septal puncture, which involves puncturing the septum between the right and left atria to access the left side of the heart. It outlines the evolving indications for trans-septal puncture including interventions for mitral valve disease, closure of defects, left atrial procedures, and arrhythmia ablation. The key steps are reviewed - having the proper anatomical landmarks, hardware including sheaths and needles, and imaging guidance. Complications are discussed and how to successfully perform the puncture is summarized as being familiar with the anatomy, hardware, and vigilance for potential complications.
This document summarizes the evolution of cardiomyopathy classification over 50 years, from 1956 to the present. Early classifications in the 1950s-1970s were based on pathology and described broad categories like myocarditis, myocardiosis, and dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive cardiomyopathies. In the 1980s, genetic causes were recognized. Later classifications in the 1990s-2000s incorporated genetic testing results and distinguished primary from secondary cardiomyopathies. The current 2013 classification system from the World Heart Federation is based on a morphology-function-genetics-etiology-status approach to provide a standardized nomenclature incorporating both phenotype and genotype.
1) Bifurcation stenting approaches are based on the angiographic configuration of lesions in the main and side branches. Significant disease (>50% stenosis) in the side branch ostium increases the risk of side branch closure and restenosis.
2) The default approach is one-stent with provisional side branch treatment. Two-stent techniques are used if the side branch has significant disease and high closure risk features.
3) Techniques like crush, culotte, and T-stenting aim to provide full coverage of both branches, but have limitations and risks. Physiologic assessment with IVUS and FFR can help decide if jailed side branches require intervention.
Valutazione ecocardiografica del meccanismo e della severit dell'insufficienza valvolare aortica. Dr.ssa Rita Conti - Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital - Maggio 2009
Anomalous coronary arteries: Challenges in Access and InterventionGhazi Muheeb
油
This is a ppt i presented during my residency at GB Pant hospital, 2019-2022. I have included many angiogram videos but unfortunately they are not playable on slideshare. I hope this will cardio residents and consultants during their day to day practice.
Dr. Ghazi Muheeb
Senior resident (DM),
GB Pant Hospital and MAMC, New Delhi.
1. Complete chordal preservation during mitral valve surgery aims to preserve left ventricular function and geometry by maintaining the continuity between the mitral annulus and left ventricular wall.
2. Early studies found benefits to chordal preservation such as improved cardiac output, exercise capacity, and survival rates.
3. Various surgical techniques have been developed to allow for implantation of an adequate sized prosthesis while preventing complications like left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Six angiographic indicators of large thrombus burden by
Yip and colleagues,depending upon the angiographic morphology are
features indicated high-burden thrombus formation:
1. A cut-off pattern of occlusion
2. Accumulated thrombus proximal to the occlusion
3. A reference lumen diameter of the IRA of >4.0 mm
4. An incomplete obstruction with an angiographic thrombus with
the greatest linear dimension more than 3 times the reference
lumen diameter
5. The presence of floating thrombus proximal to the lesion
6. A persistent dye stasis distal to the occlusion
Dr. Sudip Dutta Baruah presented on various types of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs). The basic defect is absence of the AV septum. There are several classifications including partial AVSD where the left AV valve leaflets attach to the ventricular septum with no interventricular communication, and complete AVSD where the leaflets are separate with a large interventricular communication. The morphology involves deficiencies of the atrial and ventricular septum as well as abnormal AV valves and varying degrees of communications between the atria and ventricles.
Bifurcation stenting is challenge for intervention cardiologist, understanding of lesion, strategy for stenting, imaging has very important for success.
This document discusses the management of weaning patients from cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiac surgery. It describes the process of transitioning patients from full mechanical circulatory support to spontaneous heart function. During weaning, hemodynamic monitoring and echocardiography are used to assess the patient's status and guide therapeutic decisions. Difficult weaning situations can involve structural issues, dynamic abnormalities, ventricular dysfunction, or vasoplegia. Inotropes, vasopressors, pulmonary vasodilators and mechanical support may be needed to treat low blood pressure or cardiac issues identified during weaning from bypass.
Casi Clinici 1 - del Prof. Sasso. 27 giugno 2012. Corso di formazione "valore nutrizionale e salutistico di prodotti agroalimentari - Universit degli studi di Bari.
Casi Clinici 2 - Prof. Sasso. 27 giugno 2012. Corso di formazione "valore nutrizionale e salutistico di prodotti agroalimentari - Universit degli studi di Bari.
This document discusses various dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children. It begins by defining what a dental index is and providing examples of common indices. It then categorizes indices based on how their scores can change, the areas of the mouth they measure, and the conditions they assess. Key indices discussed include the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and CPITN. The document outlines the methodology, scoring, and uses of these important indices for assessing conditions like dental caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis, and malocclusion.
Congress presentation in Milan SICVE 2009: ENDOLEAK TYPE II PREVENTION
Presentazione al congresso di MIlano SICVE 2009: PREVENZIONE ENDOLEAK DI TIPO II
(Chirurgia Vascolare-ULSS 15 Alta Padovana)
(Vascular Surgery -ULSS 15 Alta Padovana)
A view of prevention: congress presentation at Societ Italiana di Chirurgia Vascolare Milano 2009
Uno sguardo alla prevenzione: presentazione al congresso della Societ Italiana di Chirurgia Vascolare Milano nel 2009
(Angiologia-Chirurgia Vascolare-ULSS 15 Alta Padovana)
(Angiology- Vascular Surgery -ULSS 15 Alta Padovana)
Colonscopia virtuale come alternativa a quella classica, pi湛 invasiva. Prevenzione del tumore al colon tramite due prodotti di lifeplus: paraclenase e colon formula
1. LA NUOVA CHIRURGIALA NUOVA CHIRURGIA
CONSERVATIVA DELLA VALVOLACONSERVATIVA DELLA VALVOLA
MITRALEMITRALE
Prof. Carlo Santi
Direttore Scientifico: Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardio-toraco-vascolare Policlinico di Monza
2. EMBRIOLOGIAEMBRIOLOGIA
Valvola mitraleValvola mitrale
O R I G I N E L E M B O A N T E R I O R E
D a lla f o r m a z i o n e d e i c u s c i n e t t i e n d o c a r d i c i
a lla s i n i s t r a d e l s e t t o p r i m a r io
d u e a n te r io r i
p o c o t e s s u to m u s c o a r e
V A L V O L A Q U A D R IC U S P ID E
T a r d iv a m e n te
s o tt i li e fi b r o s i
I n iz i a lm e n te
s p e s s i e c a r n o s i
D u e p o s t e r i o r i
t e s s u t o m u s c o la r e
A b b o z z o v a lv o la r e
d i v i s o i n q u a t t r o
c o m p a r t im e n ti
O R IG IN E D E L L E M B O P O S T E R I O R E
M u s c o la t u r a v e n tr i c o la r e d i ff e r e n z i a ta s i
d a lla p a r e t e v e n t r i c o la r e
O R IG IN E
T r a b e c o le v e n t r ic o la r i e m b r io n a li
e m b r io n e d i 1 0 - 1 2 m m . d i lu n g h e z z a
3. CRITERI DI SCELTACRITERI DI SCELTA
PROCEDURA TERAPEUTICAPROCEDURA TERAPEUTICA
0 20 35 50 70 Anni
AutograftAutograft
HomograftHomograft
MeccanicaMeccanica
StentlessStentless
BioprotesiBioprotesiConservativa
P.T.A.interventistica
4. VALVULOPLASTICA MITRALICA PERCUTANEAVALVULOPLASTICA MITRALICA PERCUTANEA
CRITERI DI SELEZIONE
ORIFIZIO VALVOLARE STRETTO
STORIA DI EMBOLIE
INSUFFICIENZA MITRALICA LIEVE
PRESENZA DI ALTRE PATOLOGIE VALVOLARI NON CHIRURGICHE
MALATTIE ASSOCIATE
CONTROINDICAZIONI
TROMBO FRESCO IN ATRIO SINISTRO SETTO INTERATRIALE
TROMBO MOBILE
INSUFFICIENZA MITRALICA MEDIO SEVERA
VALUTAZIONE DEI 4 PARAMETRI ECOGRAFICI
MOBILITA DEI LEMBI VALVOLARI
ISPESSIMENTO DELLAPPARATO SOTTOVALVOLARE
ISPESSIMENTO DEI LEMBI VALVOLARI
CALCIFICAZIONE DEI LEMBI VALVOLARI
OBBIETTIVO
SUPERFICIE VALVOLARE > 1,5 cmq
INSUFFICIENZA MITRALICA LIEVE MEDIA
FOLLOW UP
RESTENOSI ELEVATA
5. FILOSOFIA DELLAFILOSOFIA DELLA
CHIRURGIACHIRURGIA
CONSERVATIVACONSERVATIVA
Secondo i molteplici lavori pubblicati in letteratura, con le
attuali tecniche di plastica della valvola mitrale circa il 70-80%
dei pazienti che presentano un quadro di insufficienza o di
stenosi mitralica pu嘆 beneficiare di un intervento ricostruttivo.
Sono state proposte alcune opzioni chirurgiche interessanti,
alcune, per correggere lincontinenza della valvola, come la
resezione quadrangolare del lembo posteriore associata a
linterposizione di corde tendinee artificiali, che non concedono
per嘆 errori sullesatta determinazione della lunghezza e del
punto di impianto, la resezione triangolare dei lembi prolassanti
con accorciamento delle corde tendinee ed altre per aumentarne
la superficie come in tutte le varianti di commissurotomia. Le
lesioni pi湛 difficili da trattare sono il prolasso del lembo
anteriore, associato o meno a quello posteriore, le insufficienze
con concomitante calcificazione anulare, la malattia di Barlow
e linsufficienza secondaria a disfunzione di parete o a lesioni
multiple. In presenza di queste lesioni sono state proposte due
tecniche, una definita edge-to-edge, con risultati
estremamente interessanti ma con il rischio che possa generare
stenosi residue della valvola a doppio orifizio e unaltra di
doppia plastica dei due lembi, che si prefigge di correggere la
coaptazione, caratteristica questa che fornisce alla procedura
elevata predicibilit del risultato con esclusione del rischio di
SAM post-operatorio.
19. CRITERI DI SCELTA DELLA PROTESICRITERI DI SCELTA DELLA PROTESI
versusversus
CONSERVATIVACONSERVATIVA
0 20 50 70 Anni
AutograftAutograft
HomograftHomograft
MeccanicaMeccanica
StentlessStentless
BioprotesiBioprotesi
Conservativa
20. SOSTITUZIONE VALVOLARE :SOSTITUZIONE VALVOLARE :
LIMITI , PROSPETTIVELIMITI , PROSPETTIVE
Protesi valvolare idealeProtesi valvolare ideale
LIMITILIMITI
Tessuti biologiciTessuti biologici
DurataDurata
Rapido deterioramentoRapido deterioramento
Rottura dei lembiRottura dei lembi
calcificazionecalcificazione
Protesi meccanicheProtesi meccaniche
Biocampatibili
Rischi dellanticoagulazione
Emolisi, Rigidit
Emodinamica inversamente proporzionale alla
misura della protesi
Rigurgito transprotesico nella frazione statica e
dinamica
21. SOSTITUZIONE VALVOLARE :SOSTITUZIONE VALVOLARE :
LIMITI , PROSPETTIVELIMITI , PROSPETTIVE
Protesi valvolare idealeProtesi valvolare ideale
PROSPETTIVEPROSPETTIVE
Tessuti biologiciTessuti biologici
Durata (Trattamento , design dello stent)(Trattamento , design dello stent)
Emodinamica (stentless)Emodinamica (stentless)
Assenza di tromboembolismo senzaAssenza di tromboembolismo senza
anticoagulazioneanticoagulazione
Conservazione a bassa pressione o a pressioneConservazione a bassa pressione o a pressione
libera con gluteraldeidelibera con gluteraldeide
Protesi meccanicheProtesi meccaniche
BiocompatibilitBiocompatibilit (Materiali , design)(Materiali , design)
Integrit strutturaleIntegrit strutturale
Rotazione allinterno dellanelloRotazione allinterno dellanello