Terence Francis "Terry" Eagleton is a prominent British literary theorist, critic and public intellectual.Novelist and critic David Lodge, writing in the May 2004 New York
Review of Books on Theory and After Theory, concluded:
Some of Theory's achievements are genuine and permanent additions to knowledge, or intellectual self-knowledge. Eagleton is quite right to assert that we can never go back to a state of pre-Theory innocence about the transparency of language or the ideological neutrality of interpretation ... But like all fashions it was bound to have a limited life of novelty and vitality, and we are now living through its decadence without any clear indication of what will supersede it. Theory has, in short, become boringly predictable to many people who were once enthusiastic about it, and that After Theory is most interesting when its focus is furthest from its nominal subject is perhaps evidence that Terry Eagleton is now bored by it too. (source taken from Wikipedia)
This document provides character analyses for Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It analyzes several major characters including Semyon Zaharovitch Marmeladov, Katerina Ivanovna, Arkady Ivanovitch Svidrigailov, Pyotr Petrovitch Luzhin, Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Sonia Semyonovna, and the protagonist Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov. For each character it discusses their background, desires, psychological issues, and how their desires were ultimately displaced or resolved.
Dante Alighieri was an Italian poet best known for his epic poem "The Divine Comedy." The poem is an allegorical journey through Hell, Purgatory and Heaven. While not a work of literary criticism, the poem contains social/political commentary and explores moral/theological themes through symbolism and allegory. Dante helped establish Italian as a literary language and viewed poets as guides to wisdom and truth.
This document provides an overview of Raymond Williams' book "Modern Tragedy" and discusses various thinkers' contributions to the idea of tragedy. It summarizes Williams' analysis of how the concept of tragedy has changed over time from the ancient Greeks to modern era. Key points discussed include Lessing's rejection of neoclassicism and advocacy for bourgeois tragedy, Hegel's view of tragedy in terms of conflict and resolution, and Bertolt Brecht's rejection of tragedy through his theory of epic theater which aimed to provoke rational thought over emotional response.
Hayavadana is a famous play Written by Girish Karnad
based on a theme drawn from The Transposed Heads, by Thomas Mann, which is originally found in the 11th-century Sanskrit text Kathasaritsagara. Herein he employed the folk theatre form of Yakshagana. A German version of the play was directed by Vijaya Mehta as part of the repertoire of the Deutsches National Theatre, Weimar.
This document summarizes Aristotle's work "The Poetics" and its key ideas. It begins by providing background on the author and work. The main points then compare Aristotle and Plato's differing views on poetry and imitation. Key definitions from Aristotle are outlined, such as his definition of tragedy. Other major concepts from "The Poetics" are briefly explained, like catharsis, types of plots, characteristics, and the dramatic unities of time and place. The document concludes by acknowledging room for improvement in the summary but hopes it provided a high-level overview of Aristotle's influential work.
The Way of the World is a Restoration comedy written by William Congreve in 1700. It is set in London and focuses on the romantic intrigues between several characters of high society, led by the scheming Mirabell who plots to win the hand and inheritance of the wealthy Millamant from her controlling Aunt Lady Wishfort. Other characters include the married Fainall and his mistress Marwood, Millamant's bumbling suitors Witwoud and Petulant, and servants like Foible who aid Mirabell's complex plot. Issues of reputation, social etiquette, marriage, adultery, and inheritance are comically explored.
The main themes in Sense and Sensibility are the dangers of excessive emotion over reason, the emphasis on marriage as a necessity for financial stability, and the importance of moderating feelings and expectations versus reality. Other themes explored include the roles of gender and social class, as well as the prevalence of hypocrisy and lack of self-sacrifice among many characters.
Aristotle defines tragedy as the imitation of a serious action that arouses pity and fear and effects a catharsis of such emotions. He maintains that tragedy should be a complete and coherent whole with serious consequences represented through elevated characters. The language and dramatic presentation incorporate incidents that arouse pity and fear in order to accomplish the cathartic effect on audiences.
Comparison between dualism and monism.docxAminaAkram14
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Welcome to a journey through the fascinating world of English literature! In this ºİºİߣShare presentation, we delve into the heart of literary classics, poetic masterpieces, and profound works that have shaped the English language and culture. Whether you're a literature enthusiast, a student, or just curious about the power of words, these slides offer a glimpse into the diverse realms of English literature.
Key Highlights:
Historical Perspective: Trace the evolution of English literature through different time periods, from the Elizabethan era to the modern-day.
Notable Authors: Discover the genius of literary giants like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and more.
Genre Exploration: Explore various literary genres, from poetry and drama to novels and essays.
Themes and Symbolism: Uncover the universal themes and enduring symbolism that continue to resonate with readers today.
Impact on Society: Learn how English literature has influenced culture, politics, and social thought.
Whether you're looking for inspiration, academic insights, or a deeper appreciation of literary heritage, this presentation is a valuable resource for all. Start your journey into the enchanting world of English literature right here!
Feel free to customize this description according to the specific content and focus of your slides. Include relevant keywords and tags to improve discoverability, and make sure to provide a visually appealing cover image for your presentation to enhance its overall appeal on ºİºİߣShare.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy about the destruction of the English peasantry in the 19th century. While the story focuses on Tess's tragedy, it is used as a symbol of how the old way of life for peasants was painfully destroyed. Chance and coincidence play a major role in the unfolding of events in Tess's life. Though she loses her physical purity, Tess remains pure of heart and nature. However, her overly sensitive nature and inability to act decisively contribute to her becoming a victim of tragedy.
Girish Karnad was an Indian playwright, actor, director and screenwriter who wrote plays in Kannada that were translated to English and other languages. Some of his most famous plays include Yayati, Tughlaq, and Hayavadana, for which he received several literary honors. Hayavadana, inspired by a Sanskrit text, explores themes of incompleteness, identity, alienation and human relationships through the story of a man with the head of a horse.
Comparison between Robert browning and Alfred Tennyson : Paper No : 6 : Vict...Jyotiba Gohil
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This document provides a comparison between the Victorian poets Robert Browning and Alfred Lord Tennyson. It discusses their writing styles, themes, messages and natures. Tennyson expressed himself through ornate language and focused on external realities, while Browning studied inner psychology and was more obscure. Tennyson's poetry reflected order and fate, while Browning emphasized the triumph of the individual will. Their styles also differed, with Tennyson known for perfection and simplicity versus Browning's sometimes obscure passages.
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This document provides information and discussion questions about the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro. It includes summaries of the main characters Tommy, Kathy, and Ruth. It also lists the major themes in the novel such as conformity, hope, willful ignorance, free will, communication, and friendship. Finally, it provides sample exam questions about characters and themes that could be answered using evidence from the text.
Twelfth Night is a comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written around 1601-1602. It is set in Illyria and follows the story of twins Viola and Sebastian who are separated during a shipwreck. Viola disguises herself as a man named Cesario and enters the service of Duke Orsino, who sends Cesario to profess his love to Countess Olivia, though Olivia ends up falling in love with Cesario. Meanwhile, several characters conspire to trick Olivia's steward Malvolio into believing Olivia loves him as a means of revenge.
Othello William Shakespeare - Presentation ºİºİߣs - By Rehan ButtRehan Butt
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Iago manipulates Othello into believing that his wife Desdemona has been unfaithful with Cassio through lies and deceit involving a handkerchief. Othello, enraged by Iago's tricks, smothers Desdemona to death, only realizing too late that she had been faithful. Iago's scheming is ultimately exposed, leading to arrests, but not before more blood is shed as Iago kills his wife Emilia and Othello commits suicide over his misdeeds.
The document discusses the femme fatale archetype in literature, art, and film noir. A femme fatale is an alluring woman who uses her beauty and charm to manipulate men, often leading them into dangerous or compromising situations. Notable examples mentioned include Mata Hari, who was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan executed for espionage during WWI, and characters portrayed by actresses like Theda Bara, Janet Leigh, and Lana Turner in classic film noir movies. The document also explores how femme fatales were depicted as sexually powerful yet dangerous women in 1940s films noir, preying on men's desires that were stirred by wartime.
Mourning Becomes Electra is a play cycle written by Eugene O'Neil.The story is a retelling of the Oresteia by Aeschylus. The characters parallel characters from the ancient Greek play
ºİºİߣ della presentazione che ogni associato fa di s¨¦, della sua storia, delle sue competenze, dei temi che affronta, di ci¨° su cui pu¨° contribuire per i fini dell'Associazione
This document outlines the course structure and content for an International Certificate in Education for Preschool Professionals. The certificate includes 5 core courses: 1) Principles and Practices in Preschool Education, 2) Child Development and Learning, 3) Curriculum Development and Pedagogy, 4) Personal Growth and Professional Development, and 5) Safety, Health and Nutrition. The document discusses using a collaborative learning model where learners create knowledge rather than just consuming content, and assessments focus on learning rather than just testing outcomes. Completing this certificate along with a Bachelor's degree in Early Years Education from a UK university would qualify someone as a preschool educator.
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This document discusses business approaches to sustainable development. It argues that capitalism is not the problem but a new paradigm is needed. Mainstream economics resists changes that threaten its fundamentals. Business is the most powerful institution to foster changes for sustainability as the profit motive can play an important role. A steady state economy maintains constant resource throughput without depleting or polluting the environment. For business to embrace sustainability, it must provide competitive advantage. Strategies have evolved from compliance to risk management to long term sustainable development. The business case is that sustainability meets needs today while protecting future resources.
Writing Presentation - Bob Wilson - Dec 2010Ed Ingman
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The document discusses helping students improve their writing skills through a Writing Across the Curriculum initiative. It notes that students need to be able to articulate thoughts in an academic way and that writing can help students interact more deeply with ideas. However, many students lack basic organizational skills and the ability to engage in reasoned analysis. The initiative aims to expose students to writing to communicate learning, help them understand necessary structure, and start thinking in a way that mirrors effective composition. Group activities and modeling appropriate essay development are discussed as ways to collaboratively develop these skills.
The document discusses the Terra Resort hotel in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, the first in a collection of green luxury hotels. It was built to be LEED-certified with a minimal environmental impact while still providing an indulgent experience for guests. Features include energy efficient windows, chemical-free cleaning, and a water system that reduces usage. While start-up costs were higher, operating costs have been equal to or less than comparable hotels due to energy and water savings of 35%. The hotel successfully provides both luxury and an environmentally responsible experience that attracts guests and pride in employees.
The main themes in Sense and Sensibility are the dangers of excessive emotion over reason, the emphasis on marriage as a necessity for financial stability, and the importance of moderating feelings and expectations versus reality. Other themes explored include the roles of gender and social class, as well as the prevalence of hypocrisy and lack of self-sacrifice among many characters.
Aristotle defines tragedy as the imitation of a serious action that arouses pity and fear and effects a catharsis of such emotions. He maintains that tragedy should be a complete and coherent whole with serious consequences represented through elevated characters. The language and dramatic presentation incorporate incidents that arouse pity and fear in order to accomplish the cathartic effect on audiences.
Comparison between dualism and monism.docxAminaAkram14
?
Welcome to a journey through the fascinating world of English literature! In this ºİºİߣShare presentation, we delve into the heart of literary classics, poetic masterpieces, and profound works that have shaped the English language and culture. Whether you're a literature enthusiast, a student, or just curious about the power of words, these slides offer a glimpse into the diverse realms of English literature.
Key Highlights:
Historical Perspective: Trace the evolution of English literature through different time periods, from the Elizabethan era to the modern-day.
Notable Authors: Discover the genius of literary giants like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and more.
Genre Exploration: Explore various literary genres, from poetry and drama to novels and essays.
Themes and Symbolism: Uncover the universal themes and enduring symbolism that continue to resonate with readers today.
Impact on Society: Learn how English literature has influenced culture, politics, and social thought.
Whether you're looking for inspiration, academic insights, or a deeper appreciation of literary heritage, this presentation is a valuable resource for all. Start your journey into the enchanting world of English literature right here!
Feel free to customize this description according to the specific content and focus of your slides. Include relevant keywords and tags to improve discoverability, and make sure to provide a visually appealing cover image for your presentation to enhance its overall appeal on ºİºİߣShare.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy about the destruction of the English peasantry in the 19th century. While the story focuses on Tess's tragedy, it is used as a symbol of how the old way of life for peasants was painfully destroyed. Chance and coincidence play a major role in the unfolding of events in Tess's life. Though she loses her physical purity, Tess remains pure of heart and nature. However, her overly sensitive nature and inability to act decisively contribute to her becoming a victim of tragedy.
Girish Karnad was an Indian playwright, actor, director and screenwriter who wrote plays in Kannada that were translated to English and other languages. Some of his most famous plays include Yayati, Tughlaq, and Hayavadana, for which he received several literary honors. Hayavadana, inspired by a Sanskrit text, explores themes of incompleteness, identity, alienation and human relationships through the story of a man with the head of a horse.
Comparison between Robert browning and Alfred Tennyson : Paper No : 6 : Vict...Jyotiba Gohil
?
This document provides a comparison between the Victorian poets Robert Browning and Alfred Lord Tennyson. It discusses their writing styles, themes, messages and natures. Tennyson expressed himself through ornate language and focused on external realities, while Browning studied inner psychology and was more obscure. Tennyson's poetry reflected order and fate, while Browning emphasized the triumph of the individual will. Their styles also differed, with Tennyson known for perfection and simplicity versus Browning's sometimes obscure passages.
Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro: ReviseMrs Downie
?
This document provides information and discussion questions about the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro. It includes summaries of the main characters Tommy, Kathy, and Ruth. It also lists the major themes in the novel such as conformity, hope, willful ignorance, free will, communication, and friendship. Finally, it provides sample exam questions about characters and themes that could be answered using evidence from the text.
Twelfth Night is a comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written around 1601-1602. It is set in Illyria and follows the story of twins Viola and Sebastian who are separated during a shipwreck. Viola disguises herself as a man named Cesario and enters the service of Duke Orsino, who sends Cesario to profess his love to Countess Olivia, though Olivia ends up falling in love with Cesario. Meanwhile, several characters conspire to trick Olivia's steward Malvolio into believing Olivia loves him as a means of revenge.
Othello William Shakespeare - Presentation ºİºİߣs - By Rehan ButtRehan Butt
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Iago manipulates Othello into believing that his wife Desdemona has been unfaithful with Cassio through lies and deceit involving a handkerchief. Othello, enraged by Iago's tricks, smothers Desdemona to death, only realizing too late that she had been faithful. Iago's scheming is ultimately exposed, leading to arrests, but not before more blood is shed as Iago kills his wife Emilia and Othello commits suicide over his misdeeds.
The document discusses the femme fatale archetype in literature, art, and film noir. A femme fatale is an alluring woman who uses her beauty and charm to manipulate men, often leading them into dangerous or compromising situations. Notable examples mentioned include Mata Hari, who was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan executed for espionage during WWI, and characters portrayed by actresses like Theda Bara, Janet Leigh, and Lana Turner in classic film noir movies. The document also explores how femme fatales were depicted as sexually powerful yet dangerous women in 1940s films noir, preying on men's desires that were stirred by wartime.
Mourning Becomes Electra is a play cycle written by Eugene O'Neil.The story is a retelling of the Oresteia by Aeschylus. The characters parallel characters from the ancient Greek play
ºİºİߣ della presentazione che ogni associato fa di s¨¦, della sua storia, delle sue competenze, dei temi che affronta, di ci¨° su cui pu¨° contribuire per i fini dell'Associazione
This document outlines the course structure and content for an International Certificate in Education for Preschool Professionals. The certificate includes 5 core courses: 1) Principles and Practices in Preschool Education, 2) Child Development and Learning, 3) Curriculum Development and Pedagogy, 4) Personal Growth and Professional Development, and 5) Safety, Health and Nutrition. The document discusses using a collaborative learning model where learners create knowledge rather than just consuming content, and assessments focus on learning rather than just testing outcomes. Completing this certificate along with a Bachelor's degree in Early Years Education from a UK university would qualify someone as a preschool educator.
Business Approaches to Sustainable DevelopmentJeremy Williams
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This document discusses business approaches to sustainable development. It argues that capitalism is not the problem but a new paradigm is needed. Mainstream economics resists changes that threaten its fundamentals. Business is the most powerful institution to foster changes for sustainability as the profit motive can play an important role. A steady state economy maintains constant resource throughput without depleting or polluting the environment. For business to embrace sustainability, it must provide competitive advantage. Strategies have evolved from compliance to risk management to long term sustainable development. The business case is that sustainability meets needs today while protecting future resources.
Writing Presentation - Bob Wilson - Dec 2010Ed Ingman
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The document discusses helping students improve their writing skills through a Writing Across the Curriculum initiative. It notes that students need to be able to articulate thoughts in an academic way and that writing can help students interact more deeply with ideas. However, many students lack basic organizational skills and the ability to engage in reasoned analysis. The initiative aims to expose students to writing to communicate learning, help them understand necessary structure, and start thinking in a way that mirrors effective composition. Group activities and modeling appropriate essay development are discussed as ways to collaboratively develop these skills.
The document discusses the Terra Resort hotel in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, the first in a collection of green luxury hotels. It was built to be LEED-certified with a minimal environmental impact while still providing an indulgent experience for guests. Features include energy efficient windows, chemical-free cleaning, and a water system that reduces usage. While start-up costs were higher, operating costs have been equal to or less than comparable hotels due to energy and water savings of 35%. The hotel successfully provides both luxury and an environmentally responsible experience that attracts guests and pride in employees.
S(cool) Mystery was introduced in the 2010/2011 academic year for students in grades 6-9 (ages 11-15) at the school. It is an electronic student book that allows for communication between parents and teachers, such as parents writing apology letters, and provides students with marks and notes from teachers on a scale of 1 to 5. While it offers improvements over paper student books like saving trees, there are also potential complications from issues like poor networks or broken computers.
This document summarizes a study on Iraqi refugees resettling in Detroit, Michigan. It finds that:
1) Many of the refugees are struggling to adjust to life in Detroit, dealing with issues like enrolling children in school, obtaining driver's licenses, and coping with trauma from their experiences in Iraq.
2) Over 60% of the refugees surveyed had a college education, yet most were still unemployed due to issues like lack of language skills and transportation challenges.
3) The refugees came from professional backgrounds in Iraq as professors, teachers, doctors, and engineers, but were having difficulty establishing their careers in Detroit due to the difficulties of adjusting to life as a refugee.
The document describes the steps taken to solve a mystery involving a Czech cat and black shoes. It involved searching online using various search terms on Google and the Comenius project website. After looking on multiple occasions without success, searching for "Czech cat" on Google provided no results. Returning to the Comenius project website finally led to finding the name of a school in the Czech Republic that solved the mystery: Mikes.
The document summarizes the research process undertaken by CoffeeTime to determine whether and how to expand into India. It describes a two-stage research design using secondary data collection and a primary questionnaire. Secondary data on demographics and market factors of major Indian cities was analyzed. A questionnaire surveying potential customers in the top 6 cities helped CoffeeTime select target cities and segments. While the research process and data appeared valid, constraints like budget and cultural differences pose risks to CoffeeTime's expansion into India.
Overview of how to plan and execute successful practices. Particular attention is paid to maximizing repetition and instruction while avoiding long lines
l Personal Digital VIP ¨¨ il professionista che accompagna un personaggio pubblico, politico, dello spettacolo e/o un¡¯azienda in un percorso di creazione e affermazione della propria immagine attraverso i social media.
On October 16th 2014, Jim Gilbert, President of Gilbert Direct Marketing, Inc and the Author of The 9 Immutable Laws of Social Media Marketing, unveiled a new presentation exclusively for Catalog University.
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2. Bir d¨¹?¨¹nceyi, bir dile?i, bir haberi ya da duyguyu tam olarak anlatan, bir
veya birden ?ok s?zc¨¹kten olu?mu? anlat?m birimine c¨¹mle denir.
C¨¹mle i?indeki s?zc¨¹klerin tek ba?lar?na ya da di?er s?zc¨¹klerle grup
olu?turarak yapt?klar? g?reve de ?ge denir.
C¨¹mlenin olu?umu i?in ?ekimli bir fiil ya da ek fiille ?ekimlenmi? isim soylu
bir s?zc¨¹k gerekir. Bu iki unsurdan birinin ?zelliklerine sahip bir s?zc¨¹k, bir
c¨¹mleyi olu?turmak i?in yeterlidir.
C¨¹mlenin ?geleri, temel ?geler, yard?mc? ?geler ve ara s?z olmak ¨¹zere ¨¹?
ana ba?l?kta incelenir:
4. 1. TEMEL ?GELER
Bir d¨¹?¨¹nceyi, bir dilek ya da duyguyu s?z veya yaz? ile anlatabilmek i?in en az iki
?ge gereklidir.
Bunlar y¨¹klem ve ?znedir.
Bunlara c¨¹mlenin temel ??eleri denir.
Y?KLEM ?ZNE
5. C¨¹mledeki i?i, hareketi, yarg?y? bildiren ?ekimli unsura y¨¹klem denir.
Y¨¹kleme, c¨¹mlede yarg? bildiren ?ekimli ?ge de diyebiliriz.
Y¨¹klem, yukar?da belirtti?imiz gibi, c¨¹mlenin temel ??esidir. Yani y¨¹klem olmadan
c¨¹mle de olu?maz.
?rnek
? Ben i?lerimi zaman?nda yapar?m.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°yapmak¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹, bir yarg? ta??d??? i?in y¨¹klemdir.
? Buradaki evlerin hepsi ?ok g¨¹zeldi.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°g¨¹zeldi¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ ba??ms?z bir yarg?y? sonuca ba?lad??? i?in y¨¹klemdir.
? Kom?u, kom?unun k¨¹l¨¹ne muhta?t?r.
c¨¹mlesinde ise ¡°muhta?¡± ismi, ek eylemin geni? zaman? ile ?ekimlenerek y¨¹klem
g?revini ¨¹stlenmi?tir.
Y?KLEM
6. NOT: Y¨¹klemi bulmak i?in herhangi bir soru yoktur.
Fiiller ya da isim soylu s?zc¨¹kler ?ekimlenerek bu g?revi ¨¹stlenir.
Y¨¹klem bir s?zc¨¹kten olu?abilece?i gibi s?zc¨¹k grubundan da olu?abilir.
?rnek
? Bayraklar? bayrak yapan ¨¹st¨¹ndeki kand?r.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°¨¹st¨¹ndeki kand?r¡± s?fat tamlamas?,
? Kad?n, ?ocu?unu ?ok merak ediyordu.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°merak ediyordu¡± birle?ik eylemi,
? Babam?n ?antas?, araban?n bagaj?ndaym??.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°araban?n bagaj?ndaym??¡± isim tamlamas? y¨¹klem g?revinde
kullan?lm??t?r.
8. ? Y¨¹klemin bildirdi?i i?, olu? ya da durumu yapan veya c¨¹mledeki olan?
kar??layan ?geye ?zne denir.
? ?zne, c¨¹mlenin temel ??esidir; ancak her c¨¹mlede bulunmak zorunda
de?ildir.
? ?zne, fiil c¨¹mlelerinde i?i yapand?r.
?sim c¨¹mlelerinde bir eylem bulunmad??? i?in ?zne, y¨¹klemin bildirdi?i
durumda oland?r.
? ?zne, y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°kim, ne?¡± sorular? ile bulunur. Ancak ?zellikle
¡°ne¡± sorusu, nesneyi bulmak i?in de soruldu?undan, ?zne sorusunu
y¨¹kleme ¡°yapan kim, olan ne?¡± bi?imlerinde sormam?z daha do?ru olur.
?ZNE
9. ?rnek
? ?ocuklar bah?ede ne?eyle ko?uyor. (ko?an kim?/ kim ko?uyor?)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°ko?ma¡± eylemini ger?ekle?tiren ¡°?ocuklar¡±d?r.
Bunu y¨¹kleme sordu?umuz ¡°ko?an kim?¡± sorusu ile bulabiliyoruz.
? Bug¨¹n hava ?ok g¨¹zeldi. (g¨¹zel olan ne?)
c¨¹mlesinde ?zneyi bulmak i?in sorumuzu y¨¹klemle birlikte sorar?z:
¡°G¨¹zel olan ne?¡± Cevap durumundaki ¡°hava¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ ?zne g?revindedir.
10. ? ?zne; ger?ek ?zne, gizli ?zne ve s?zde ?zne olmak ¨¹zere ¨¹? grupta incelenir:
Ger?ek ?zne
Y¨¹klemin bildirdi?i yarg?y? ger?ekle?tiren ya da yarg?n?n konusu olan varl???n
c¨¹mlede a??k?a ifade edildi?i ?znedir.
?rnek
? Bu konuyu bize Ayd?n anlatacak. (anlatacak olan kim?/ kim anlatacak?)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°Ayd?n¡± ?znedir. ?¨¹nk¨¹ y¨¹klemde bildirilen ¡°anlatma¡± i?ini yapan
durumundad?r.
Gizli ?zne
C¨¹mlede bir s?zc¨¹k olarak bulunmayan, y¨¹klemin ?ekiminden anla??lan
?znelere gizli ?zne denir.
?rnek
? Bu konuyu size anlataca??m. (anlatacak olan kim?/ kim anlatacak?)
c¨¹mlesinin y¨¹klemi ¡°anlataca??m¡± s?z¨¹d¨¹r. ?zneyi bulmak i?in ¡°anlatacak olan
kim?¡± diye soruyoruz, ¡°Ben¡± cevab? al?yoruz; ancak bu s?z c¨¹mlede yok, biz bunu
y¨¹klemin bildirdi?i ?ah?stan ??kar?yoruz. ?yleyse bu c¨¹mlenin ?znesi gizli ?znedir.
11. S?zde ?zne
Eylemin kim taraf?ndan yap?ld??? belli olmayan c¨¹mlelerde i?ten etkilenen unsur ?zne
kabul edilir. B?yle ?znelere s?zde ?zne denir.
?rnek
? Bu konu ?ok iyi anla??ld?.
c¨¹mlesinin y¨¹klemi ¡°anla??ld?¡± s?z¨¹d¨¹r.
?zneyi bulmak i?in ¡°anla??lan ne?¡± diye soruyoruz, ¡°Bu konu¡± cevab? al?yoruz.
¡°Bu konu¡± s?z¨¹ burada ?zneymi? gibi g?z¨¹kse de asl?nda i?i yapan de?il, i?ten
etkilenen konumundad?r. ¡°anla??lma¡± eyleminin kimin taraf?ndan yap?ld??? belli
de?ildir, bu eylem sonucunda ¡°bu konu¡±nun anla??ld??? bellidir. Eylemin kimin
taraf?ndan yap?ld??? belli olmad??? i?in ¡°bu konu¡± ?zne olarak kabul edilmektedir.
12. NOT:
S?z ya da s?z ?bekleri c¨¹mlede ?zne olabilir.
Ad tamlamas?, s?fat tamlamas? ?zne olarak kullan?labilir.
?rnek
? Uzun boylu, gen? biri kap?y? a?t?.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°uzun boylu gen? biri¡± s?fat tamlamas? ?zne durumundad?r; ?¨¹nk¨¹
¡°a?t?¡± eylemini yapan ki?idir.
? Dolab?n kap?s? kilitliydi..
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°dolab?n kap?s?¡± belirtili isim tamlamas? ?zne g?reviyle kullan?lm??t?r;
?¨¹nk¨¹ ?zneyi bulmak i?in sorulan ¡°kilitli olan ne¡± sorusuna ¡°dolab?n kap?s?¡± ad
tamlamas? cevap vermektedir.
14. Nesne, c¨¹mlede ?znenin yapt??? i?ten etkilenen ??edir.
Nesne, sadece y¨¹klemi ge?i?li olan fiil c¨¹mlelerinde vard?r ve y¨¹kleme sorulan
¡°ne, neyi, kimi?¡± sorular?yla bulunur.
?rnek
? Bug¨¹n seni ?ok arad?m. (kimi arad?m?)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°kimi?¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°seni¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹
nesnedir.
? Fuardan karde?ime kitap ald?m. (ne ald?m?)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°ne¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°kitap¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ nesnedir.
NESNE
15. ? Nesneyi belirtili nesne ve belirtisiz nesne olmak ¨¹zere iki grupta incelemek
m¨¹mk¨¹nd¨¹r:
Belirtili Nesne
Y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°neyi, kimi?¡± sorular?na cevap veren s?zc¨¹k ya da s?zc¨¹k gruplar?d?r.
Belirtili nesne durumundaki s?zc¨¹k ya da s?zc¨¹kler y¨¹kleme belirtme h?l ekiyle (-i)
ba?lan?r.
?rnek
? Bu ma?? mutlaka izlemeliyim. (neyi izlemeliyim?) (Belirtili Nesne)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°neyi¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°bu ma??¡± s?z¨¹ belirtili nesne olarak
kullan?lm??t?r.
Belirtisiz Nesne
¡°-i¡± belirtme h?l ekini almayan ve ?zneyi bulduktan sonra y¨¹kleme
sorulan ¡°ne?¡± sorusuna cevap veren s?zc¨¹kler, belirtisiz nesne olur.
?rnek
? Adam bir ?uval ta??yordu? (ne ta??yordu?) (Belirtisiz Nesne)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°ne¡± sorusuna ¡°bir ?uval¡± cevab?n? al?yoruz.
Bu s?zc¨¹k yal?n olarak kullan?ld???ndan yani belirtme h?li eki almad???ndan belirtisiz
nesnedir.
16. NOT: C¨¹mlenin ??eleri bulunurken ?zne ve nesneyi kar??t?rmamak i?in ?nce
y¨¹klemi, sonra ?zneyi, daha sonra da nesneyi bulmal?y?z.
?rnek
? Kalemi d¨¹n ak?am kaybolmu?.
?zne Y¨¹klem
c¨¹mlesinde ?zneyi bulmadan ¡°Neyi kaybolmu??¡± sorusunu sorar ve ¡°kalemi¡±
s?zc¨¹?¨¹ne nesne dersek yan?lm?? oluruz.
?¨¹nk¨¹ ?nce ?zneyi bulmal?y?z.
Buna g?re ¡°Kaybolan ne?¡± sorusunu sordu?umuzda ¡°kalemi (Onun)¡± cevab?n? al?r?z.
Demek ki ¡°kalemi¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ nesne de?il, ?znedir.
17. C¨¹mlede yakla?ma, bulunma, uzakla?ma bildiren, y¨¹klemi yer anlam?yla
tamamlayan ??edir.
Bu da ¡°-e, -de, -den¡± ekleriyle olu?an s?zc¨¹k veya s?zc¨¹k gruplar?d?r.
Dolayl? t¨¹mle?, y¨¹kleme sorulan
kime, nereye, neye,
kimde, nerede, neyde,
Kimden, nereden, neyden,
gibi sorularla bulunur.
DOLAYLI
T?MLE?
(YER TAMLAYICISI)
19. ?rnek
? Ba? ucumdaki l?mbay? yak?p, saate bakt?m. (neye bakt?m?) (yer tamlay?c?s?)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°neye¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°saate¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ dolayl?
t¨¹mle?tir.
? Seninle evde konu?aca??m. (nerede konu?aca??m?) (dolayl? t¨¹mle? / yer
tamlay?c?s?)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°nerede¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°evde¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ dolayl?
t¨¹mle? g?revindedir.
20. NOT: ?smin ¡°-e, -de, -den¡± h?l eklerini alan her s?zc¨¹k c¨¹mlede dolayl? t¨¹mle?
g?revinde bulunmaz.
Bu ekleri alan s?zc¨¹kler, c¨¹mlede zaman veya durum bildirirse, zarf t¨¹mleci olur.
?rnek
? Tam iki saat ayakta bekledik. (zarf t¨¹mleci)
? Unutma, ak?ama seninle bulu?aca??z. (zarf t¨¹mleci)
Yukar?daki c¨¹mlelerde ¡°ayakta ve ak?ama¡± s?zleri zarf t¨¹mleci g?revindedir.
Bunu y¨¹kleme sordu?umuz sorulardan da anlayabiliriz.
Birinci c¨¹mlede h?l ekini alan s?zc¨¹k ¡°nas?l¡±, ikinci c¨¹mledeki s?zc¨¹kler ise ¡°ne
zaman¡± sorular?na cevap vermektedir.
21. Y?n, zaman, tarz, sebep, miktar, vas?ta ve ?art bildirerek y¨¹klemi tamamlayan ve
y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°ne zaman, nas?l, ni?in, niye, neden, ne kadar, ne ?ekilde?¡± gibi
sorulara cevap veren s?z ya da s?z ?bekleri c¨¹mlede zarf t¨¹mleci (zarf tamlay?c?s?)
olarak kullan?l?r.
?rnek
? Batuhan bug¨¹n derse gelmedi. (ne zaman gelmedi?) (zarf t¨¹mleci)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°ne zaman¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°bug¨¹n¡± s?z¨¹
zaman bildiren zarf t¨¹mlecidir.
? Tu??e derslerine ?ok ?al???rd?. (ne kadar ?al???rd??) (zarf t¨¹mleci)
c¨¹mlesinde y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°ne kadar¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°?ok¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹
miktar bildiren zarf t¨¹mleci g?revinde kullan?lm??t?r.
ZARF
T?MLEC?
22. NOT: ¡±A?a??, yukar?, i?eri, d??ar?, ileri, geri vb.¡± s?zc¨¹kler, yal?n halde
kullan?ld???nda zarf t¨¹mlecidir.
Ancak bu s?zc¨¹kler isimlere eklenen h?l eklerini ald?klar?nda zarf t¨¹mleci olmaz,
c¨¹mlenin farkl? bir ??esi olur.
?rnek
? Ahmet, d??ar?ya ??km??t?. (nereye ??km??t??) (dolayl? t¨¹mle? / yer tamlay?c?s?)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°Nereye ??km??t??¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°d??ar?ya¡± s?zc¨¹?¨¹ ¡°-e¡± hal eki
ald??? i?in dolayl? t¨¹mle?tir.
? G?revli, i?eriyi kontrol etti. (nereyi kontrol etti?) (nesne)
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°Nereyi kontrol etti?¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°i?eriyi¡± s?z¨¹ hal eki ald???
i?in nesne g?revindedir.
? A?a?? bakma sak?n.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°Nereye bakma?¡± sorusuna cevap veren ¡°a?a??¡± s?z¨¹ hal eki
almadan y?n bildirdi?i i?in zarf t¨¹mlecidir.
23. Y¨¹klemin ne ile (hangi ara?la), kimin ile, hangi ama?la, yap?ld???n? g?steren s?z
?beklerine edat t¨¹mleci denir.
Y¨¹kleme sorulan ¡°ne ile, ne i?in, kiminle, kimin i?in?¡± sorular?yla bulunur.
Edat t¨¹mleci olarak adland?r?lan t¨¹mle?ler de birer zarf t¨¹mlecidir.
??km?? sorularda, se?eneklerde bile olsa, edat t¨¹mleci ad?n?n ge?ti?i g?r¨¹lmemi?tir.
Ancak baz? sorular?n ??z¨¹m¨¹nde yard?mc? oldu?u s?ylenebilir. E?er se?eneklerde
¡°edat t¨¹mleci¡± ad? ge?miyorsa, siz ¡°edat t¨¹mleci¡± olarak g?rd¨¹?¨¹n¨¹z s?z
?beklerine zarf t¨¹mleci de diyebilirsiniz.
?rnek
? O, b¨¹t¨¹n yaz?lar?n?, dolma kalemle yazar. (ne ile yazar?)
? Bu ara?t?rmay? arkada?lar?yla yapm??. (kiminle yapm???)
? Bu yemekleri sizin i?in haz?rlad?m. (kimin i?in?)
EDAT
T?MLEC?
24. 3. ARA S?Z
Herhangi bir ?genin a??klay?c?s? olarak c¨¹mleye giren, iki virg¨¹l veya iki k?sa ?izgi
aras?nda yer alan, c¨¹mleden ??kar?ld???nda c¨¹mlenin anlam?nda herhangi bir
daralmaya yol a?mayan, bazen ba??ms?z olarak da c¨¹mleye girebilen s?zc¨¹k ya da
s?zc¨¹k gruplar?na ara s?z denir.
?rnek
? Dil, insan?n en g¨¹?l¨¹ silah?, konu?tuk?a etkisini g?sterir.
? ?zmir¡¯e, do?du?u kente, gidiyordu.
? Ya?l? adam onu, kara kuru ?ocu?u, ba?r?na bast?.
Yukar?daki c¨¹mlelerde ara s?z, c¨¹mlenin s?ras?yla ¡°?zne, dolayl? t¨¹mle?, nesne¡± gibi
??elerini olu?turmu?tur.
? ?lkenize, Bel?ika¡¯ya, bizi de davet eder misiniz?
? D¨¹nyan?n en y¨¹ksek noktas?na, Everest¡¯e, bir T¨¹rk sporcu da t?rmand?.
c¨¹mlelerinde ¡°Bel?ika¡± ve ¡°Everest¡¯e¡± s?zleri ara s?zd¨¹r ve dolayl? t¨¹mle?lerin
a??klay?c?s? olarak kullan?lm??t?r.
25. C?MLE DI?I UNSUR
Ara s?z, bir ?genin a??klay?c?s? olarak kullan?lm??sa, daima a??klad??? ?geden sonra
gelir.
Bir ?genin a??klay?c?s? olarak kullan?lmam??sa c¨¹mlede ba??ms?z olarak kullan?l?r ve
c¨¹mle d??? unsur olarak kabul edilir.
?rnek
? O g¨¹n¨¹n ak?am?, sen de hat?rlayacaks?n, ?ay bah?esinde oturmu?tuk.
c¨¹mlesinde ¡°sen de hat?rlayacaks?n¡± s?zleri ara s?zd¨¹r; ama herhangi bir ??enin
a??klay?c?s? olarak kullan?lmam??t?r dolay?s?yla c¨¹mle d??? unsurdur.
26. ¡°Hi?bir ?eye ihtiyac?m?z yok, yaln?z bir ?eye ihtiyac?m?z vard?r;
?al??kan olmak!¡±
?.???.?
Mustafa Kemal Atat¨¹rk