Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant used for various types of epilepsy, mood stabilization, and migraine prevention, with high protein binding and minimal cardiac side effects. While effective, it has several risks including teratogenicity, weight gain, and potential liver dysfunction, with specific dosing guidelines for adults and geriatrics. Long-term use may lead to cognitive dysfunction or parkinsonism, demanding careful monitoring and adjustment of dosages.