This document discusses the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including:
- Approved PAH therapies such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and prostanoids.
- The three main pathways involved in PAH pathogenesis.
- Treatment recommendations for PAH associated with congenital heart disease, including the use of PAH-specific therapies.
- Evidence that PAH-specific therapies can reduce mortality in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.
- Lung transplantation is an option for patients with inadequate response to maximal PAH therapy.
H trattamento dellipertensione arteriosa polmonareguch-piemonte
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This document discusses the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has several underlying causes, with the most common being idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension at around 50% of cases. Medications are the primary treatment and work to dilate blood vessels and improve heart function. These include endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, prostanoids, and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.
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L la cianosi cronica
1. La cianosi cronica
I Corso GUCH
Torino, 5-6 maggio 2014
R BORDESE
Citta della salute, TORINO
rbordese@cittadellasalute.to.it
2. ESC Guidelines for the management
of grown-up congenital heart disease
(new version 2010)
3. La cianosi cronica
La cianosi 竪 causata da uno shunt
bidirezionale o dx-sx dovuto ad una
comunicazione anatomica tra circolazione
sistemica e polmonare
CAUSECAUSE
Ostruzione via
polmonare
Ostruzione via
polmonare
iperafflussoiperafflusso PAH
Eisenmenger
PAH
Eisenmenger
5. La cianosi cronica
una patologia multisistemica:
Aumentata viscosit
Alterazione della coagulazione
Aumentato turn over dei globuli rossi.
Iperuricemia e aumento della bilirubinemia non
coniugata calcolosi
Disfunzione endoteliale
Disfunzione multiorgano
6. Clinica
Cefalea, Tinniti, Dizziness, Debolezza,
parestesie
Sanguinamento e trombosi
Stroke
Aritmie
Calcolosi renale e colecisti
Complicanze reumatologiche
7. Che fare?
Attenzione ai sintomi per liperviscosit
Saturazione a riposo
5MWT
Ematochimici: emocromo, MCV, ferritina e
saturazione della transferrina, creatinina,
proBNP, acido urico, ac folico e vit B12
8. Terapia medica
Salassi
Trasfusioni
Supplemento di ferro se MCV < 80
TAO/ASA? Non evidenze
Eventuali interventi in caso di assenza di PAH/EisenmengerEventuali interventi in caso di assenza di PAH/Eisenmenger
9. Salassi
Solo se presenza di sintomi da iperviscosit e
Ht > 65% in assenza di disidratazione
Rischio di sviluppare carenza di ferro
microcitosi globuli rossi piccoli e rigidi
iperviscosit e sintomatologia
Aumentano i rischi di TIA/ictus
Quindi meglio idratare e dare ferro!Quindi meglio idratare e dare ferro!
12. Il caso clinico
Donna, 60 anni
Cardiopatia cianogena imprecisata alla nascita
1964 valvulotomia polmonare
1994 colecistectomia per litiasi biliare
1998 aritmie ventricolari amiodarone
distiroidismo
Plurimi salassi con cadenza mensile
13. Controllo c/o OIRM
Ecocardiogramma: TGA + DIV + stenosi della
polmonare di grado severo
SatO2 65-70%
7/2012 valvuloplastica. PAP media passa da
12 mmHg a 30 mmHg
Miglioramento soggettivo, saturazione poco
aumentata
14. La cianosi in questo caso
La paziente ha sintomi?
Complicanze legate alla cianosi?
I salassi?
Stanca, classe NYHA
III
Stanca, classe NYHA
III
Calcoli, aritmieCalcoli, aritmie
Senza beneficioSenza beneficio
Lunico rimedio 竪 dare pi湛 flusso ai polmoni,
quindi una valvuloplastica pesata rappresenta la
giusta scelta
Lunico rimedio 竪 dare pi湛 flusso ai polmoni,
quindi una valvuloplastica pesata rappresenta la
giusta scelta