Endodontic pharmacologySafia MohammedThis document discusses pharmacology as it relates to endodontics. It defines key terms like drugs and describes how analgesics, antibiotics, and anti-anxiety medications are commonly used in endodontic procedures to manage pain and infection. The document further categorizes different drug classes based on administration route and timing. It provides details on commonly used local anesthetics, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and antibiotics in endodontic treatment.
Smoking effects on the periodontiumPeriowiki.comSmoking has various negative effects on the immune system's response to periodontal disease. It reduces the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of neutrophils, impairs their migration and apoptosis. Smokers have increased T cell levels but reduced IgG2 and B cell antibody production. Natural killer cell activity and numbers are also lower in smokers. Regarding cytokines, smokers have higher TNF-alpha but lower IL-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Overall, smoking causes both quantitative and qualitative defects in immune cells that compromise periodontal defense mechanisms.
Endodontic microbiologyMohammed Alshehri1) Apical periodontitis is caused by microbial infection of the root canal system, usually after pulp necrosis. Bacteria are the primary cause, though fungi and archaea have also been implicated.
2) Bacteria enter the root canal system through caries, cracks, restorative procedures, or periodontal disease. They can also travel through dentinal tubules or directly expose the pulp.
3) Successful endodontic treatment aims to prevent or resolve apical periodontitis by thoroughly debriding and disinfecting the root canal system.
Single & Multiple visits (Microbiological view)Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah UniversityThis document discusses single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment. It notes that advances in technology have increased the feasibility of single-visit treatment by making procedures more effective and efficient. However, questions remain about outcomes and healing rates between the one and multiple visit approaches. The key factors in bacterial elimination and healing are thoroughly debriding the canal and removing or inactivating bacteria and their byproducts like endotoxins. Calcium hydroxide dressing between visits may further reduce bacteria and neutralize endotoxins. Overall, outcomes may depend on a case's complexity and ability to sufficiently disinfect the canal, with multiple visits potentially enabling better cleaning for difficult cases.
Therapeutics in dentistry (antibiotics) Iyad Abou RabiiThis document discusses various antimicrobial drugs used in dentistry, including antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals. It defines key terms and outlines the mechanisms of action, indications, and common examples of different classes of antimicrobials. Factors influencing treatment choices are described, such as infection type, resistance patterns, and patient factors. Guidelines are provided for administration, treatment duration, and addressing treatment failure.
Bruxism and its effect on periodontiumRamya GaneshThis document provides an overview of bruxism, including its definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, effects on teeth, muscles, TMJ, and diagnosis and treatment approaches. Bruxism is defined as the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth and can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or while awake. The causes of bruxism are multifactorial, including genetic factors, stress, sleep disorders, and malocclusions. Bruxism can lead to tooth wear, muscle pain, headaches, and damage to dental restorations, implants, and the TMJ. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical signs and symptoms, with complementary methods including questionnaires, dental wear analysis, and polysomnography. Treatment
Oral implantology - Basic introductionSiddharthRoy52The document discusses the history and biology of dental implants. It begins by describing how implants were first discovered in ancient Egypt and discusses various materials that were unsuccessfully used for implants over centuries. The modern history of implants began with the discovery of osseointegration between titanium implants and bone by Per-Inguar Branemark in the 1950s. The document then discusses the anatomy, biology, and function of peri-implant hard and soft tissues and the process of osseointegration between the implant and bone.
Minimal invasive techniquesEnas ElgendyThis document discusses minimal invasive techniques (MIST) in periodontal surgery. It begins by outlining some advantages of MIST such as less postoperative pain, improved healing, and better retention of soft tissues. Examples of MIST procedures described include the pouch and tunnel technique for treating gingival recession and ridge augmentation using autologous bone grafts. The document also covers papilla preservation flaps and various techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal surgery in order to maintain esthetics.
Sinus lift with dental implants Placement.(with Clinical Photographs) Dr. ...All Good ThingsHi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best & your replies are welcomed!
Surgical Endodontics DrOsamaMushtaqThis document provides information on surgical endodontics procedures performed by Dr. Osama Mushtaq. It discusses the reasons for endodontic treatment failure and describes objectives and indications for endodontic surgery, including managing periapical disease and lesions that cannot be treated via nonsurgical root canal treatment. The document outlines the surgical procedure, covering topics like flap design, root resection, root-end filling materials, and postoperative care. It also discusses factors associated with success and failure of periapical surgery, and indications and contraindications for corrective endodontic surgery to repair procedural errors or resorptive defects.
AAP 2017 CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE PART 1Babu MitzvahThis document outlines the proceedings of a world workshop on classifying periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. It discusses the need to update the 1999 classification system to current understanding. The outline covers periodontal health, gingival diseases, periodontitis, peri-implant diseases and key changes. Specifically, it defines periodontal health as having less than 10% bleeding sites and no probing depths over 3mm. It also discusses categories for periodontal health with an intact versus reduced periodontium, such as for successfully treated periodontitis patients.
Papilla preservation flapVidya VishnuThis document discusses various surgical techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal regeneration procedures. It describes the conventional papilla preservation flap technique introduced by Takei in 1985, as well as several modifications including the modified papilla preservation flap, simplified papilla preservation flap, interproximal tissue maintenance technique, and whale's tail technique. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. A novel entire papilla preservation technique introduced in 2015 is also outlined, which aims to completely preserve the interdental papilla.
DENTAL IMPLANTS-2 CLASSIFICATION- Dr MEENU MERRY C PAULMeenuMerryCPaulDental implants can be classified in several ways, including based on their design, attachment mechanism, body design, surface, material, reaction with bone, and implantation technique. The most common implant designs are endosteal, including root form, blade form, and ramus frame implants. Titanium and titanium alloys are commonly used materials due to their biocompatibility and ability to osseointegrate. Implant surfaces are modified through processes like machining, acid etching, and coating to promote osseointegration and bonding to bone.
Periodontal plastic & esthetic surgeryDR. OINAM MONICA DEVIPeriodontal plastic surgery is defined as the surgical procedures performed to correct deformities of the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. It includes widening of attached gingiva,
deepening of shallow vestibules, resection of the aberrant frena, depigmentation of gingiva.In all of these procedures, blood supply is the most significant concern and must be the underlying issue for all decisions regarding the individual surgical procedure.
Supportive Periodontal Therapy Part 1ManishaSinha17This presentation focusses on definition, history, goals and objectives of SPT, patient compliance, ways to improve patient's compliance, parts of SPT, SPT in daily practice, classification of post treatment patients, AAP Guidelines for periodontist and dentist and studies related to SPT.
Immediate loading- Kelly Kelly NortonThe document discusses immediate loading of dental implants. It begins with introducing immediate loading and defining related terms like immediate restoration, non-functional early restoration, and early occlusal loading. It then covers indications and contraindications for immediate loading, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The rationale for immediate loading is discussed, focusing on reducing surgical trauma and promoting bone remodeling. Factors that can decrease risks of immediate loading like implant number, size, design, and surface area are also outlined.
Rationale for periodontal therapyDr. Shashi KiranThis seminar briefly discusses the logical basis for periodontal therapy. And a short discussion on periodontal reconstruction.
Non surgical retreatment in endodontics / endodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Sinus floor elevationDr. Darshanaa ArunachalamThis is a power point presentation on sinus floor elevation, describing the various techniques, biological aspects and clinical outcomes from a periodontist point of view. It also includes a brief review on the anatomy of maxillary sinus and management of complications.
Local dug deliveryDr.R.Dhivya.,MDSThis document discusses local drug delivery for periodontal disease treatment. It begins by explaining that periodontitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival area and treatment aims to suppress or eliminate this subgingival microflora. Limitations of mechanical debridement alone include difficult anatomy and bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules. Local drug delivery aims to overcome these limitations by placing antimicrobials directly into the subgingival region. The document then covers various aspects of local delivery systems including classification, carrier systems, commercially available systems, and future trends.
Analgesics in oral surgeryIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Endodontics microbiologyMohammad Omar- Infection occurs when microorganisms invade tissues and produce clinical signs and symptoms of disease.
- The root canal system can become infected through dentinal tubules, lateral canals, or pulp exposure providing a reservoir for microbial growth.
- Root canal infections are usually polymicrobial, involving both anaerobic and facultative bacteria, and treatment aims to disrupt the microbial ecosystem through debridement and disinfection to eliminate infection and allow healing of surrounding tissues.
Bruxism and its effect on periodontiumRamya GaneshThis document provides an overview of bruxism, including its definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, effects on teeth, muscles, TMJ, and diagnosis and treatment approaches. Bruxism is defined as the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth and can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or while awake. The causes of bruxism are multifactorial, including genetic factors, stress, sleep disorders, and malocclusions. Bruxism can lead to tooth wear, muscle pain, headaches, and damage to dental restorations, implants, and the TMJ. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical signs and symptoms, with complementary methods including questionnaires, dental wear analysis, and polysomnography. Treatment
Oral implantology - Basic introductionSiddharthRoy52The document discusses the history and biology of dental implants. It begins by describing how implants were first discovered in ancient Egypt and discusses various materials that were unsuccessfully used for implants over centuries. The modern history of implants began with the discovery of osseointegration between titanium implants and bone by Per-Inguar Branemark in the 1950s. The document then discusses the anatomy, biology, and function of peri-implant hard and soft tissues and the process of osseointegration between the implant and bone.
Minimal invasive techniquesEnas ElgendyThis document discusses minimal invasive techniques (MIST) in periodontal surgery. It begins by outlining some advantages of MIST such as less postoperative pain, improved healing, and better retention of soft tissues. Examples of MIST procedures described include the pouch and tunnel technique for treating gingival recession and ridge augmentation using autologous bone grafts. The document also covers papilla preservation flaps and various techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal surgery in order to maintain esthetics.
Sinus lift with dental implants Placement.(with Clinical Photographs) Dr. ...All Good ThingsHi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best & your replies are welcomed!
Surgical Endodontics DrOsamaMushtaqThis document provides information on surgical endodontics procedures performed by Dr. Osama Mushtaq. It discusses the reasons for endodontic treatment failure and describes objectives and indications for endodontic surgery, including managing periapical disease and lesions that cannot be treated via nonsurgical root canal treatment. The document outlines the surgical procedure, covering topics like flap design, root resection, root-end filling materials, and postoperative care. It also discusses factors associated with success and failure of periapical surgery, and indications and contraindications for corrective endodontic surgery to repair procedural errors or resorptive defects.
AAP 2017 CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE PART 1Babu MitzvahThis document outlines the proceedings of a world workshop on classifying periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. It discusses the need to update the 1999 classification system to current understanding. The outline covers periodontal health, gingival diseases, periodontitis, peri-implant diseases and key changes. Specifically, it defines periodontal health as having less than 10% bleeding sites and no probing depths over 3mm. It also discusses categories for periodontal health with an intact versus reduced periodontium, such as for successfully treated periodontitis patients.
Papilla preservation flapVidya VishnuThis document discusses various surgical techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal regeneration procedures. It describes the conventional papilla preservation flap technique introduced by Takei in 1985, as well as several modifications including the modified papilla preservation flap, simplified papilla preservation flap, interproximal tissue maintenance technique, and whale's tail technique. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. A novel entire papilla preservation technique introduced in 2015 is also outlined, which aims to completely preserve the interdental papilla.
DENTAL IMPLANTS-2 CLASSIFICATION- Dr MEENU MERRY C PAULMeenuMerryCPaulDental implants can be classified in several ways, including based on their design, attachment mechanism, body design, surface, material, reaction with bone, and implantation technique. The most common implant designs are endosteal, including root form, blade form, and ramus frame implants. Titanium and titanium alloys are commonly used materials due to their biocompatibility and ability to osseointegrate. Implant surfaces are modified through processes like machining, acid etching, and coating to promote osseointegration and bonding to bone.
Periodontal plastic & esthetic surgeryDR. OINAM MONICA DEVIPeriodontal plastic surgery is defined as the surgical procedures performed to correct deformities of the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. It includes widening of attached gingiva,
deepening of shallow vestibules, resection of the aberrant frena, depigmentation of gingiva.In all of these procedures, blood supply is the most significant concern and must be the underlying issue for all decisions regarding the individual surgical procedure.
Supportive Periodontal Therapy Part 1ManishaSinha17This presentation focusses on definition, history, goals and objectives of SPT, patient compliance, ways to improve patient's compliance, parts of SPT, SPT in daily practice, classification of post treatment patients, AAP Guidelines for periodontist and dentist and studies related to SPT.
Immediate loading- Kelly Kelly NortonThe document discusses immediate loading of dental implants. It begins with introducing immediate loading and defining related terms like immediate restoration, non-functional early restoration, and early occlusal loading. It then covers indications and contraindications for immediate loading, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The rationale for immediate loading is discussed, focusing on reducing surgical trauma and promoting bone remodeling. Factors that can decrease risks of immediate loading like implant number, size, design, and surface area are also outlined.
Rationale for periodontal therapyDr. Shashi KiranThis seminar briefly discusses the logical basis for periodontal therapy. And a short discussion on periodontal reconstruction.
Non surgical retreatment in endodontics / endodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Sinus floor elevationDr. Darshanaa ArunachalamThis is a power point presentation on sinus floor elevation, describing the various techniques, biological aspects and clinical outcomes from a periodontist point of view. It also includes a brief review on the anatomy of maxillary sinus and management of complications.
Local dug deliveryDr.R.Dhivya.,MDSThis document discusses local drug delivery for periodontal disease treatment. It begins by explaining that periodontitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival area and treatment aims to suppress or eliminate this subgingival microflora. Limitations of mechanical debridement alone include difficult anatomy and bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules. Local drug delivery aims to overcome these limitations by placing antimicrobials directly into the subgingival region. The document then covers various aspects of local delivery systems including classification, carrier systems, commercially available systems, and future trends.
Analgesics in oral surgeryIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Endodontics microbiologyMohammad Omar- Infection occurs when microorganisms invade tissues and produce clinical signs and symptoms of disease.
- The root canal system can become infected through dentinal tubules, lateral canals, or pulp exposure providing a reservoir for microbial growth.
- Root canal infections are usually polymicrobial, involving both anaerobic and facultative bacteria, and treatment aims to disrupt the microbial ecosystem through debridement and disinfection to eliminate infection and allow healing of surrounding tissues.
Zomc FractureIbrahim Sevki BayrakdarThis document discusses a case report of a 30-year-old male patient who presented with a zygomatic complex fracture from facial trauma. Cone beam computed tomography was used to diagnose fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex and nasal bones. Imaging revealed separation of the nasomaxillary, zygomaticofrontal, and zygomaticomaxillary sutures, as well as post-traumatic enophthalmos on the left side of the face. The patient was referred for surgical treatment of the fractures. The case report demonstrates the importance of thorough radiological examination in evaluating and planning treatment for zygomatic complex fractures.
Kulak Burun Boğaz Aci̇lleri̇confusetobscurKulak, burun, boğaz hastalıkları ile ilişkili patolojilere acil tıp kliniğinde sıkça karşılaşılır. Bu sunum size kısa bir özet sunmayı amaçlar.
11. Mukoza: Maksiller sinüsün kemik kavitesi, sinüs
membranı ile çevrilidir ve bu membran Scheneiderian
membranı olarak bilinir. Membran solunum sistemi
kalıntılarına benzeyen çok katlı, kübik, siliyalı ve
mukus üreten epitelden meydan gelir. Membran orta
meatusdaki ostium ile nasal epitele bağlanarak devam
eder. Sinüs membranı yaklaşık olarak 0.8 mm
kalınlığındadır. Antral mukoza nasal mukozadan daha
ince ve daha az vaskülerdir.
11
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
16. I. AKUT ODONTOJENİK MAKSİLLAR
SİNÜZİTİS
Ağızdan veya dental enfeksiyondan kaynaklanan
bakterilerin sinüsü istila etmesi ve çoğalması
sonucunda oluşur
Sünizitis oluşumuna yatkınlığı enfekte diş kök
ucu ile sinüs boşluğunun alt duvarı arasındaki
mesafe belirler
16
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
17. • Maksillar premolar ve molar dişler sinüs
alt duvarına çok yakın olduğundan bu
hastalığa en çok sebep olan dişlerdir
17
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
18. Dental enfeksiyondan kaynaklanan bakterilerin bölgeye penetre
olmaları ve burada çoğalmaları sonucunda maksillar sinüzitis
meydana gelir
18
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
19. • Diğer sebepler:
1. Dental veya Alveolar Travma
2. Odontojenik kistler
3. Maksillar Osteomyelitis
4. İyatrojenik veya yabancı cisimlerin yanlışlıkla bölgeye
yer değiştirmeleri (örn: kanal aletleri veya cerrahi el
aletleri)
5. Sinüsün açılmasına sebep veren diğer cerrahi
komplikasyonlar
19
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
20. AKUT BULGULARI
Yoğun bir basınç hissi
Eritem
Anteryor maksilla ve yanakta şişlik
Maksilla sinüs bölgesinde baskı veya doluluk hissi
Baş ağrısı
Halsizlik
Ateş
Ağız kokusu
Burundan mukopürülen akıntı
Burun tıkanması
Nazal kaviteye ve nazofarinkse kötü kokulu mukopürülen maddelerin drenajı
20
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
21. TEDAVİ
Başlangıç tedavisi: Antibiyotik tedavisi (Penisilin,
klindamisin ve metronidazol başlangıçta tercih edilecek
ilaçlardır)
Orta veya şiddetli vakalarda: Yüksek dozda ve
intravenöz ilaç uygulaması tavsiye edilir
Drenaj: ağrıyı azaltmak, hastalığın ilerlemesini
durdurmak ve çözülmeyi sağlamak amacıyla
21
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
22. I. KRONİK ODONTOJENİK
MAKSİLLAR SİNÜZİTİS
Akut fazın veya akut sinüzitin takip ettiği,
uzun süreli düşük dereceli antral mukoza
inflamasyonu nedeniyle oluşur
Ödem, lökosit infiltrasyonu ve liflerden
dolayı antral mukoza kalınlaşmıştır, hatta
bazen polipler de oluşabilir
22
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
23. LOKAL BULGULARI:
Genellikle belirgin olmayan ağız kokusu
Postnazal yol ile drenasyonun her zaman
görülmediği, ama sürekli cerahat akımı
Çiğneme esnasında diş ağrısı
Diş mobilitesinde artma
Migren
Sürekli baş ağrısı 23
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
24. TEDAVİ
Başlangıç tedavisi: Antibiyotik tedavisi
(Penisilin, klindamisin ve metronidazol
başlangıç için yeterlidir) ve cerrahi.
Diş çekimi, kök ucu rezeksiyonu, endodontik
tedavi, yabancı cisim uzaklaştırılması gibi
dental sebeplerin ortadan kaldırılması
iyileşmeyi kolaylaştırır
24
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
25. Eğer oroantral fistül var ise buradan sinüs
boşluğu bol bol yıkanır ve daha sonra
fistül tedavisi yapılır
Bununla beraber tüm bu işlemlere
rağmen iyileşme sağlanamadı ise
CERRAHİ müdahaleye başvurulur
25
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
27. I. ODONTOJENİK ENFEKSİYON KONTROLÜ
1. Enfeksiyonun ciddiyetinin belirlenmesi
2. Savunma mekanizmasının değerlendirilmesi
3.Uygun müdahalenin yapılıp yapılmadığına karar verilmesi
4. Cerrahi müdahale
5. Tıbbi destek
6. Uygun antibiyotik seçimi
7. Antibiyotik uygulama yolunu belirlemek
8. Sıkı takip 27
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
28. II. CERRAHİ YAKLAŞIM
Örn: Caldwell-Luc İşlemi
Antral döşemenin tamamen
uzaklaştırılmasını ve burun içine
drenaj için yeni bir yol
oluşturulmasını sağlar 28
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
29. Sinüs içine yabancı cisim kaçtı
ise diş çekim soketinden veya
fossa kanina bölgesinden
açılacak ufak pencereden cisim
uzaklaştırılır. Basamakları
şöyledir:
29
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
30. A: çekim soketinden diş kökü veya yabancı cisim sinüz içine yer
değiştirmiş ise soket genişletilir ve sinüs içine ulaşılır
30
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
31. B: Kanin-premolar diş bölgesinden
mukoperiosteal flep kaldırılır. 31
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
32. C: Flep kaldırıldıktan sonra, birinci premolar dişlerin kök
uçlarından 1 cm yukarı olacak şekilde kemik pencere
açılır 32
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
33. D: Elde edilen açıklıktan salin solüsyonu sinüs içine boşaltılır ve boşluğa doğru
akıntı sağlanır, bu arada sakşın kullanılarak cismin hareketlendirilmesi
kolaylaştırlır
33
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
34. Yabancı cisim uzaklaştırıldıktan sonra
sinüs salin solüsyon ile tekrar yıkanır ve
bölge primer kapatılır
Profilaktik antibiyotik tedavisine
başlanılır
34
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
38. Oro-antral ilişki en basit tanımıyla maksillar sinüs ile oral kavite
arasındaki doğal olmayan ilişkidir
Bazen üst molar dişlerin kök uçları maksillar sinüs içerisinde
olduğundan bu dişlerin çekimi sonrası maksillar sinüs direkt olarak
ağız boşluğu ile ilişkiye geçmektedir
Oro-antral ilişki meydana geldiğinde bu durum hem hasta hem de
hekim için birkaç probleme neden olur:
1. Pratisyen hekim için bu durum hiç doğal değildir
2. Hasta kanuni işlemlere başvurabilir
3. İleride yapılacak implant için yeni kemik oluşturulmak zorunda
kalınır
4. Protezler için destek kemik dokusu ortadan kaybolmuştur
38
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
40. ORO-ANTRAL İLİŞKİNİN NEDEN OLDUĞU
PROBLEMLER
Hastanın aldığı gıdalar v.s. Maksillar sinüs yolu ile nazal boşluğa geçer
Ağız boşluğundaki mikroorganizmalar maksillar sinüs yolu ile burun boşluğuna
geçer
Sonuçta maksillar sinüzitis meydana gelir
Maksillar sinüzitis aynı zamanda oro-antral ilişkinin prognozunu da etkiler
Maksillar sinüzitsin neden olduğu durumlar şunlardır:
1. Yanakta, göz çevresinde ve alın bölgesinde ağrı
2. Diş ağrısı ile karıştırılabilen, üst dişler bölgesine yansıyan ağrı
3. Halsizlik ve seste dolgunluk
4. Buruna cerahat boşalması
5. Sinüslerin olduğu yerlerde yüzde şişlik
6. Burundan boğaza akıntı
40
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
42. En sık nedeni diş çekimleridir
Perforasyonlara en çok birinci molar diş çekimlerinden sonra rastlanılır
Bunların dışında yapılan bazı cerrahi işlemler sonrasında da oro-antral
ilişkiye istenmeden ve/veya dikkatsizlik sonucu neden olunabilmektedir:
1. Premolar & molar dişlere apikal rezeksiyon
2. Kök ucu çekmeye çalışılırken elevatörün yanlışlıkla sinüse kaçırılması
3. Kök uçlarının veya dişlerin sinüs içine itilmesi
4. Gömülü diş çekilirken penetrasyon
5. Küretaj esnasında perforasyon
6. Sinüs tabanının kırılmasına neden olan alveolar segment kırıkları
7. Çekilmeye çalışılan gömülü dişin sinüse kaçırılması
42
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
43. ORO-ANTRAL İLİŞKİNİN TESPİTİ NASIL
YAPILIR?
Akut oro-antral ilişkinin tespiti:
1. Çekilen diş kökü ile beraber kemik dokunun gelip gelmediğine bakılır
2. Burun gazlı bez ile kapatılır ve burundan nefes verilmesi istenir eğer hava ağız içinden geliyorsa teşhis konulur
3. Nasıl tedavi edileceğini belirlemek için perforasyonun ebatları tespit edilir
4. Açıklık 2 mm’den küçük ise her hangi bir müdahaleye gerek yoktur
5.
Kronik oro-antral ilişki tespiti
1. Eğer açıklık 5 mm’den fazla ise, yara dehisensi var ise ve kist enükleasyonu yapılmışsa bu durum
kronikleşecek demektir
2. Çekim yapıldıktan 4-6 hafta sonra olay kronikleşir
3. Hasta yemek yemede, sıvı alımında ve tütün kullanmada sıkıntı yaşar
4. Kronik maksillar sinüzit olma yolunda ilerleniyordur
5. Bununla bereaber burundan pürülan akıntı gelir
43
DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
44. ORO-ANTRAL İLİŞKİ TEDAVİSİ NASIL YAPILIR
Oro-antral ilişki durumun ciddiyet derecesine göre tedavi edilir
Kronik durumlarda cerrahi müdahale gerekirken akut durumlarda cerrahi müdahaleye gerek
yoktur
Akut oro-antral ilişkinin tedavisi;
1. Defekt bölgesi her hangi bir delici alet ile kontrol edilmemelidir
2. Kan pıhtısının yerinde kalması sağlanır
3. Çekim soketi etrafındaki gingival diş eti mümkün olduğu kadar birbirine yaklaştırılmalıdır
4. Aşırı kanamanın durdurulması için soket ağzına ajan yerleştirlir
5. Antibiyotik reçete edilir
6. Nazal dekonjestantlar reçete edilir
7. Hastaya buhar inhalasyonu tavsiye edilir (mentol ve ökaliptus)
8. Ağız gargarsı reçete edilir
9. Hastaya hınkırmaması ve sigara içmemesi söylenir
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DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
45. Kronik Oro-antral ilişki tedavisi:
Bukkal ilerletme flebi (en sık kullanılan)
1. İyi beslenebilmesi için geniş tabanlı yapılır
2. Flebin daha çok esnemesi için periosta yatay kesiler
atılır
3. Alveolar kemik seviyesi düşürülür
4. Palatal mukozaya kesi atılarak rahatlatılır
5. Flep açıklık üzerine getirilir ve dikilir
6. Flepte ya çok az gerilim olacak veya hiç olmayacak
7. Bu yöntemin en büyük dezavantajı bukkal sulkusta
sığlaşma olmasıdır; 4-8 hafta sonra ikinci bir ameliyat ile
bölge derinleştirilir
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DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
48. Palatal çevirmeli flep
1. Kendi beslenmesinin olması (greater palatine vessels)
& dokunun kalın olması avantajlarındandır
2. Bukkal mukozaya kesi atılır ve rahatlatılır
3. Flep defekt üzerine çevrilir ve süture edilir
4. Flepte ya hiç gerilme olmamalı veya çok az olmalı
5. Vestibular sulkus derinliğinde bir değişiklik olmaz
6. Bukkal flebin başarısız olduğu durumlarda endikedir
7. Tam kalınlık kaldırıldığı için yara yeri sekonder iyileşir
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DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN
50. Sonuç olarak Oro-antral ilişkiye en sık molar diş çekimi
ile sebep olunur
Eğer tedavi edilmez ise defekt enfekte olacak ve sağlık
problemleri ile karşı karşıya kalınacaktır
Bundan dolayı üst diş çekimlerinden önce bölge
dikkatlice değerlendirilmelidir
Riskli durumlarda hasta bilgilendirilmelidir
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DOÇ.DR.FATİHÖZAN